महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-88, verse-17

अष्टक उवाच ।
अहं मन्ये पूर्वमेकोऽस्मि गन्ता सखा चेन्द्रः सर्वथा मे महात्मा ।
कस्मादेवं शिबिरौशीनरोऽयमेकोऽत्यगात्सर्ववेगेन वाहान् ॥१७॥

17. aṣṭaka uvāca ,
ahaṁ manye pūrvameko'smi gantā; sakhā cendraḥ sarvathā me mahātmā ,
kasmādevaṁ śibirauśīnaro'ya;meko'tyagātsarvavegena vāhān.

17. aṣṭakaḥ uvāca aham manye pūrvam ekaḥ
asmi gantā sakhā ca indraḥ sarvathā
me mahātmā kasmāt evam śibiḥ auśīnaraḥ
ayam ekaḥ atyagāt sarvavegena vāhān

17. Aṣṭaka said: I believe I was formerly the sole one to proceed, and Indra was always my great-souled friend. Why then has this Śibi, son of Uśīnara, surpassed the horses alone with all speed?

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Aṣṭaka

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अहम् (aham) - I

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously

• एकः (ekaḥ) - the sole one (one, alone, unique)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• गन्ता (gantā) - a goer, one who goes, one who will go

• सखा (sakhā) - friend

• च (ca) - and

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (king of the gods)

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, entirely, by all means

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble, magnificent person

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what (reason)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• शिबिः (śibiḥ) - Śibi

• औशीनरः (auśīnaraḥ) - Śibi, the son of Uśīnara (son of Uśīnara, belonging to Uśīnara)

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, only one

• अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - surpassed, outran, went beyond

• सर्ववेगेन (sarvavegena) - with all speed, with full speed

• वाहान् (vāhān) - horses, carriers, conveyances

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Aṣṭaka

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka

aṣṭaka - Aṣṭaka (a proper name, son of Viśvāmitra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I believe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present tense, 1st person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: man (class 4)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously

(indeclinable)

एकः (ekaḥ) - the sole one (one, alone, unique)

(numeral)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense, 1st person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: as (class 2)

गन्ता (gantā) - a goer, one who goes, one who will go

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gantṛ

gantṛ - goer, one who goes, one who will go

Agent noun / Future Active Participle

Derived from the root 'gam' (to go) with the suffix '-tṛ'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective or agent noun.

सखा (sakhā) - friend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - Indra (king of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of a Vedic deity, king of the gods)

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, entirely, by all means

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

Note: Can also be dative singular.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled, noble, magnificent person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnificent person

Compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'ātman' (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what (reason)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

शिबिः (śibiḥ) - Śibi

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śibi

śibi - Śibi (a legendary king, known for his generosity)

औशीनरः (auśīnaraḥ) - Śibi, the son of Uśīnara (son of Uśīnara, belonging to Uśīnara)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of auśīnara

auśīnara - descendant of Uśīnara, belonging to Uśīnara

Patronymic derivative of Uśīnara (name of an ancient king).

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one (demonstrative pronoun)

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, only one

(numeral)

अत्यगात् (atyagāt) - surpassed, outran, went beyond

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of gam

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada). Prefixed with 'ati'.

Prefix: ati

Root: gam (class 1)

सर्ववेगेन (sarvavegena) - with all speed, with full speed

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sarvavega

sarvavega - all speed, full speed

Compound: 'sarva' (all) + 'vega' (speed).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+vega)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impetuosity
  noun (masculine)

वाहान् (vāhān) - horses, carriers, conveyances

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāha

vāha - horse, carrier, bearer, vehicle