महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-88, verse-12

अष्टक उवाच ।
कस्यैते प्रतिदृश्यन्ते रथाः पञ्च हिरण्मयाः ।
उच्चैः सन्तः प्रकाशन्ते ज्वलन्तोऽग्निशिखा इव ॥१२॥

12. aṣṭaka uvāca ,
kasyaite pratidṛśyante rathāḥ pañca hiraṇmayāḥ ,
uccaiḥ santaḥ prakāśante jvalanto'gniśikhā iva.

12. aṣṭakaḥ uvāca kasya ete pratidṛśyante rathāḥ pañca hiraṇmayāḥ
uccaiḥ santaḥ prakāśante jvalantaḥ agni-śikhāḥ iva

12. Aṣṭaka said: "Whose are these five golden chariots that appear high up, shining brightly like blazing flames of fire?"

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Aṣṭaka

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कस्य (kasya) - whose

• एते (ete) - these

• प्रतिदृश्यन्ते (pratidṛśyante) - they appear, they are seen

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• हिरण्मयाः (hiraṇmayāḥ) - golden, made of gold

• उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - high up, in the sky (high, loudly, aloft)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - being high up (in the sky) (being, existing)

• प्रकाशन्ते (prakāśante) - they shine, they glitter, they are visible

• ज्वलन्तः (jvalantaḥ) - blazing, shining, burning

• अग्नि-शिखाः (agni-śikhāḥ) - flames of fire

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टकः (aṣṭakaḥ) - Aṣṭaka

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭaka

aṣṭaka - Name of a king, son of Yayāti and Śarmiṣṭhā

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

From root √vac (2nd class), perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

कस्य (kasya) - whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'rathāḥ'.

प्रतिदृश्यन्ते (pratidṛśyante) - they appear, they are seen

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

present passive indicative

From root √dṛś (1st class), present tense, 3rd person plural, passive voice. With prefix 'prati'.

Prefix: prati

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Note: Subject of 'pratidṛśyante'.

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Adjective modifying 'rathāḥ'.

हिरण्मयाः (hiraṇmayāḥ) - golden, made of gold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hiraṇmaya

hiraṇmaya - golden, made of gold

From 'hiraṇya' (gold) + suffix 'mayat' (indicating 'made of').

Note: Agrees with 'rathāḥ'.

उच्चैः (uccaiḥ) - high up, in the sky (high, loudly, aloft)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

Note: Modifies 'santaḥ' (being high up).

सन्तः (santaḥ) - being high up (in the sky) (being, existing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous

present active participle

From root √as 'to be', present active participle.

Root: as (class 2)

प्रकाशन्ते (prakāśante) - they shine, they glitter, they are visible

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of kāś

present middle indicative

From root √kāś (1st class), present tense, 3rd person plural, middle voice. With prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

ज्वलन्तः (jvalantaḥ) - blazing, shining, burning

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jvalant

jvalant - blazing, burning, shining

present active participle

From root √jval (1st class), present active participle.

Root: jval (class 1)

अग्नि-शिखाः (agni-śikhāḥ) - flames of fire

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of agniśikhā

agniśikhā - flame of fire, tongue of fire

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agni+śikhā)

• agni – fire, Agni (god of fire)
  noun (masculine)
• śikhā – flame, crest, top, point
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to 'rathāḥ' in a simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison or similarity.