महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-88, verse-16

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तेऽधिरुह्य रथान्सर्वे प्रयाता नृपसत्तमाः ।
आक्रमन्तो दिवं भाभिर्धर्मेणावृत्य रोदसी ॥१६॥

16. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
te'dhiruhya rathānsarve prayātā nṛpasattamāḥ ,
ākramanto divaṁ bhābhirdharmeṇāvṛtya rodasī.

16. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca te adhiruhya rathān sarve prayātāḥ
nṛpasattamāḥ ākramantaḥ divam bhābhiḥ dharmeṇa āvṛtya rodasī

16. Vaiśampāyana said: All those best among kings, having ascended their chariots, departed. They pervaded the sky with their radiance, covering heaven and earth with their dharma.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ते (te) - they

• अधिरुह्य (adhiruhya) - having ascended, having mounted

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• प्रयाताः (prayātāḥ) - departed, proceeded

• नृपसत्तमाः (nṛpasattamāḥ) - best among kings, excellent kings

• आक्रमन्तः (ākramantaḥ) - conquering, pervading, overcoming

• दिवम् (divam) - heaven, sky

• भाभिः (bhābhiḥ) - with rays, with splendors, with light

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma, by righteousness, by moral duty

• आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having encompassed, having covered, having encircled

• रोदसी (rodasī) - heaven and earth, the two worlds

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyasa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (pronoun)

अधिरुह्य (adhiruhya) - having ascended, having mounted

(absolutive)

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

प्रयाताः (prayātāḥ) - departed, proceeded

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yā

yā - to go, to move, to proceed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root 'yā' (go) with prefix 'pra'. Used as an adjective/noun.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe 'nṛpasattamāḥ'.

नृपसत्तमाः (nṛpasattamāḥ) - best among kings, excellent kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpasattama

nṛpasattama - best among kings, excellent king

Compound: 'nṛpa' (king) + 'sattama' (best, superlative of 'sat').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+sattama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, existing).

आक्रमन्तः (ākramantaḥ) - conquering, pervading, overcoming

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kram

kram - to step, to go, to advance

Present Active Participle

Formed from the root 'kram' (go) with prefix 'ā'. Declines like an adjective (base 'ākramat').

Prefix: ā

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'nṛpasattamāḥ'.

दिवम् (divam) - heaven, sky

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

भाभिः (bhābhiḥ) - with rays, with splendors, with light

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of bhā

bhā - ray of light, splendor, light

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - by dharma, by righteousness, by moral duty

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - dharma, righteousness, law, duty, virtue

आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having encompassed, having covered, having encircled

(absolutive)

रोदसी (rodasī) - heaven and earth, the two worlds

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of rodas

rodas - heaven and earth (dual), the two worlds