महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-80, verse-23

अर्हः पूरुरिदं राज्यं यः सुतः प्रियकृत्तव ।
वरदानेन शुक्रस्य न शक्यं वक्तुमुत्तरम् ॥२३॥

23. arhaḥ pūruridaṁ rājyaṁ yaḥ sutaḥ priyakṛttava ,
varadānena śukrasya na śakyaṁ vaktumuttaram.

23. arhaḥ pūruḥ idam rājyam yaḥ sutaḥ priyakṛt tava
| varadānena śukrasya na śakyam vaktum uttaram

23. Pūru is indeed worthy of this kingdom, he who is your son and pleasing to you. Because of Śukra's boon, no counter-argument can be made.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्हः (arhaḥ) - worthy, deserving

• पूरुः (pūruḥ) - Pūru

• इदम् (idam) - this, this here

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, child

• प्रियकृत् (priyakṛt) - pleasing (to you) (doing what is dear, pleasing, benevolent)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• वरदानेन (varadānena) - by the granting of the boon, by the boon-grant

• शुक्रस्य (śukrasya) - of Śukra

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able, feasible

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to say a reply, to make an argument (to speak, to say)

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - a counter-argument, a reply (reply, answer, subsequent)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्हः (arhaḥ) - worthy, deserving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arha

arha - worthy, deserving, capable, fit

Derived from root arh (to deserve).

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Pūruḥ.

पूरुः (pūruḥ) - Pūru

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūru

pūru - Pūru (a proper name, son of Yayāti)

इदम् (idam) - this, this here

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, these

Note: Agrees with `rājyam`.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'deserves' (implied from 'worthy of').

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Agrees with 'putraḥ'.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, child

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child (literally, 'born')

Past Passive Participle

From root sū (to give birth).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

प्रियकृत् (priyakṛt) - pleasing (to you) (doing what is dear, pleasing, benevolent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priyakṛt

priyakṛt - one who does what is dear, pleasing, benevolent

Compound derived from priya (dear) and kṛt (doer).

Compound type : tatpurusha (priya+kṛt)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• kṛt – doing, making, doer, maker
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun suffix from root kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Yayāti.

वरदानेन (varadānena) - by the granting of the boon, by the boon-grant

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of varadāna

varadāna - granting of a boon, boon-grant

Compound type : tatpurusha (vara+dāna)

• vara – boon, blessing, choice
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• dāna – giving, granting, gift
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Explains the reason.

शुक्रस्य (śukrasya) - of Śukra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śukra

śukra - Śukra (name of the preceptor of the Asuras)

Note: Modifies `varadānena`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, able, feasible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, feasible, able to be done, capable

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

Derived from root śak (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective, implicitly takes `asti`.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to say a reply, to make an argument (to speak, to say)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Derived from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - a counter-argument, a reply (reply, answer, subsequent)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - reply, answer, consequence, north, subsequent, higher

Root: tṝ (class 1)