महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-80, verse-15

कथं ज्येष्ठानतिक्रम्य कनीयान्राज्यमर्हति ।
एतत्संबोधयामस्त्वां धर्मं त्वमनुपालय ॥१५॥

15. kathaṁ jyeṣṭhānatikramya kanīyānrājyamarhati ,
etatsaṁbodhayāmastvāṁ dharmaṁ tvamanupālaya.

15. katham jyeṣṭān atikramya kanīyān rājyam arhati
etat saṃbodhayāmaḥ tvām dharmam tvam anupālaya

15. How can a younger son be worthy of the kingdom, having superseded the elders? We inform you of this (principle); you must uphold dharma.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

• ज्येष्टान् (jyeṣṭān) - the elder sons (elders, elder ones)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having transgressed, having disregarded, having surpassed, having superseded

• कनीयान् (kanīyān) - the younger son (younger, younger one)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, kingship, sovereignty

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy, is able

• एतत् (etat) - this, this matter

• संबोधयामः (saṁbodhayāmaḥ) - we inform, we enlighten, we teach

• त्वाम् (tvām) - King Yayati (you)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma, righteousness, duty, law

• त्वम् (tvam) - King Yayati (you)

• अनुपालय (anupālaya) - uphold, protect, follow

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner, why

(indeclinable)

ज्येष्टान् (jyeṣṭān) - the elder sons (elders, elder ones)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, senior, chief, best

Superlative degree of 'vṛddha' (old)

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having transgressed, having disregarded, having surpassed, having superseded

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'kram' with prefix 'ati'

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

कनीयान् (kanīyān) - the younger son (younger, younger one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kanīyas

kanīyas - younger, smallest

Comparative degree of 'yuvan' (young)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, kingship, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy, is able

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

एतत् (etat) - this, this matter

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this

संबोधयामः (saṁbodhayāmaḥ) - we inform, we enlighten, we teach

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of saṃbodh

causative

Causative of root 'budh' with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: budh (class 1)

त्वाम् (tvām) - King Yayati (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

धर्मम् (dharmam) - dharma, righteousness, duty, law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - dharma, righteousness, duty, law, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

त्वम् (tvam) - King Yayati (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अनुपालय (anupālaya) - uphold, protect, follow

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of anupāl

Derived from root 'pāl' with prefix 'anu'

Prefix: anu

Root: pāl (class 10)