महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-80, verse-13

कथं शुक्रस्य नप्तारं देवयान्याः सुतं प्रभो ।
ज्येष्ठं यदुमतिक्रम्य राज्यं पूरोः प्रदास्यसि ॥१३॥

13. kathaṁ śukrasya naptāraṁ devayānyāḥ sutaṁ prabho ,
jyeṣṭhaṁ yadumatikramya rājyaṁ pūroḥ pradāsyasi.

13. katham śukrasya naptāram devayānyāḥ sutam prabho
jyeṣṭham yadum atikramya rājyam pūroḥ pradāsyasi

13. O lord, how will you give the kingdom to Pūru, bypassing Yadu, the eldest, who is the grandson of Śukra and the son of Devayānī?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• शुक्रस्य (śukrasya) - of Śukra

• नप्तारम् (naptāram) - grandson, descendant

• देवयान्याः (devayānyāḥ) - of Devayānī

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

• प्रभो (prabho) - O lord, O master

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest, greatest, best

• यदुम् (yadum) - Yadu (name of a son)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having bypassed, having transgressed, having overcome

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

• पूरोः (pūroḥ) - to Pūru, of Pūru

• प्रदास्यसि (pradāsyasi) - you will give, you will bestow

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

शुक्रस्य (śukrasya) - of Śukra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Śukra

Śukra - name of a preceptor of the Asuras

Note: Connected to 'naptāram' (grandson of Śukra).

नप्तारम् (naptāram) - grandson, descendant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naptṛ

naptṛ - grandson, descendant, nephew

Note: Refers to Yadu.

देवयान्याः (devayānyāḥ) - of Devayānī

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of Devayānī

Devayānī - name of the daughter of Śukra and wife of Yayāti

Note: Connected to 'sutam' (son of Devayānī).

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, child

Past Passive Participle

From root SŪ (to give birth)

Root: SŪ (class 2)

Note: Refers to Yadu.

प्रभो (prabho) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, powerful

Prefix: pra

Root: BHŪ (class 1)

Note: Addressed to King Yayāti.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest, greatest, best

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, best

Superlative degree of 'old'

Note: Qualifies 'yadum'.

यदुम् (yadum) - Yadu (name of a son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Yadu

Yadu - name of the eldest son of King Yayāti

Note: Object of 'atikramya'.

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having bypassed, having transgressed, having overcome

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root KRAM with upasarga ATI and suffix -ya

Prefix: ati

Root: KRAM (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'pradāsyasi'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

Note: Object of 'pradāsyasi'.

पूरोः (pūroḥ) - to Pūru, of Pūru

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of Pūru

Pūru - name of a son of Yayāti

Note: Can be genitive or dative. Dative 'to Pūru' fits the verb 'pradāsyasi'.

प्रदास्यसि (pradāsyasi) - you will give, you will bestow

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pra-dā

Future Indicative

2nd person singular, future tense, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: DĀ (class 3)

Note: Refers to King Yayāti.