महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-80, verse-13

कथं शुक्रस्य नप्तारं देवयान्याः सुतं प्रभो ।
ज्येष्ठं यदुमतिक्रम्य राज्यं पूरोः प्रदास्यसि ॥१३॥

13. kathaṁ śukrasya naptāraṁ devayānyāḥ sutaṁ prabho ,
jyeṣṭhaṁ yadumatikramya rājyaṁ pūroḥ pradāsyasi.

13. katham śukrasya naptāram devayānyāḥ sutam prabho
jyeṣṭham yadum atikramya rājyam pūroḥ pradāsyasi

13. O lord, how will you give the kingdom to Pūru, bypassing Yadu, the eldest, who is the grandson of Śukra and the son of Devayānī?

13. כיצד, אדוני, תעקוף את יַדוּ הבכור, נכדו של שׁוּקְרַה ובנה של דֵוַיָאנִי, ותיתן את הממלכה לפּוּרוּ?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• शुक्रस्य (śukrasya) - of Śukra

• नप्तारम् (naptāram) - grandson, descendant

• देवयान्याः (devayānyāḥ) - of Devayānī

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

• प्रभो (prabho) - O lord, O master

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest, greatest, best

• यदुम् (yadum) - Yadu (name of a son)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having bypassed, having transgressed, having overcome

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

• पूरोः (pūroḥ) - to Pūru, of Pūru

• प्रदास्यसि (pradāsyasi) - you will give, you will bestow

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

शुक्रस्य (śukrasya) - of Śukra

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of Śukra

Śukra - name of a preceptor of the Asuras

Note: Connected to 'naptāram' (grandson of Śukra).

नप्तारम् (naptāram) - grandson, descendant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naptṛ

naptṛ - grandson, descendant, nephew

Note: Refers to Yadu.

देवयान्याः (devayānyāḥ) - of Devayānī

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of Devayānī

Devayānī - name of the daughter of Śukra and wife of Yayāti

Note: Connected to 'sutam' (son of Devayānī).

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, child

Past Passive Participle

From root SŪ (to give birth)

Root: SŪ (class 2)

Note: Refers to Yadu.

प्रभो (prabho) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, powerful

Prefix: pra

Root: BHŪ (class 1)

Note: Addressed to King Yayāti.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest, greatest, best

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, best

Superlative degree of 'old'

Note: Qualifies 'yadum'.

यदुम् (yadum) - Yadu (name of a son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Yadu

Yadu - name of the eldest son of King Yayāti

Note: Object of 'atikramya'.

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having bypassed, having transgressed, having overcome

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root KRAM with upasarga ATI and suffix -ya

Prefix: ati

Root: KRAM (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'pradāsyasi'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

Note: Object of 'pradāsyasi'.

पूरोः (pūroḥ) - to Pūru, of Pūru

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of Pūru

Pūru - name of a son of Yayāti

Note: Can be genitive or dative. Dative 'to Pūru' fits the verb 'pradāsyasi'.

प्रदास्यसि (pradāsyasi) - you will give, you will bestow

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pra-dā

Future Indicative

2nd person singular, future tense, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: DĀ (class 3)

Note: Refers to King Yayāti.

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