महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-75, verse-3

यदघातयथा विप्रं कचमाङ्गिरसं तदा ।
अपापशीलं धर्मज्ञं शुश्रूषुं मद्गृहे रतम् ॥३॥

3. yadaghātayathā vipraṁ kacamāṅgirasaṁ tadā ,
apāpaśīlaṁ dharmajñaṁ śuśrūṣuṁ madgṛhe ratam.

3. yat aghātayathāḥ vipram kacam āṅgirasam tadā
apāpaśīlam dharmajñam śuśrūṣum madgṛhe ratam

3. Because you then had the brahmin Kaca, the son of Aṅgiras, killed—he who was faultless, knew dharma, and was devoted to serving in my house.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, that, because, since

• अघातयथाः (aghātayathāḥ) - you caused to kill, you had killed

• विप्रम् (vipram) - brahmin, learned man

• कचम् (kacam) - Kaca (a proper name)

• आङ्गिरसम् (āṅgirasam) - Referring to Kaca, the son of Aṅgiras (son/descendant of Aṅgiras)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अपापशीलम् (apāpaśīlam) - Referring to Kaca's character (of blameless character, faultless)

• धर्मज्ञम् (dharmajñam) - Referring to Kaca, who was well-versed in dharma (knower of dharma)

• शुश्रूषुम् (śuśrūṣum) - Referring to Kaca's service to Śukra (desiring to serve, devoted to service)

• मद्गृहे (madgṛhe) - Referring to the house of Śukra, the speaker (in my house)

• रतम् (ratam) - Referring to Kaca being devoted to service (engaged, devoted, intent on)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, that, because, since

(indeclinable)

अघातयथाः (aghātayathāḥ) - you caused to kill, you had killed

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Imperfect (laṅ) of ghātay

Causative

Formed from root han (to strike, kill) with causative suffix -ay-

Root: han (class 2)

विप्रम् (vipram) - brahmin, learned man

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - a brahmin, a learned person

कचम् (kacam) - Kaca (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaca

kaca - Kaca (name of Bṛhaspati's son)

आङ्गिरसम् (āṅgirasam) - Referring to Kaca, the son of Aṅgiras (son/descendant of Aṅgiras)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āṅgirasa

āṅgirasa - descendant of Aṅgiras, belonging to Aṅgiras

Formed with suffix -a indicating descent

Note: Agrees with 'kacam'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

अपापशीलम् (apāpaśīlam) - Referring to Kaca's character (of blameless character, faultless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apāpaśīla

apāpaśīla - of blameless character, faultless, sinless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+pāpa+śīla)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• pāpa – evil, sin, wicked
  noun (neuter)
• śīla – character, nature, habit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'kacam'.

धर्मज्ञम् (dharmajñam) - Referring to Kaca, who was well-versed in dharma (knower of dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, righteous

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – dharma, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'kacam'.

शुश्रूषुम् (śuśrūṣum) - Referring to Kaca's service to Śukra (desiring to serve, devoted to service)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śuśrūṣu

śuśrūṣu - desirous to hear, desirous to serve, obedient

Desiderative

Formed from root śru (to hear) with desiderative suffix -su, implying desire to hear or serve

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'kacam'.

मद्गृहे (madgṛhe) - Referring to the house of Śukra, the speaker (in my house)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madgṛha

madgṛha - my house

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mat+gṛha)

• mat – my (form of 'I')
  pronoun
  Genitive/ablative singular of 'aham' (I), here used in a compound as 'my'
• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)

रतम् (ratam) - Referring to Kaca being devoted to service (engaged, devoted, intent on)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - engaged, delighted in, devoted to

Past Passive Participle

From root ram (to delight, to rest)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kacam'.