महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-63, verse-3

सिंहनादैश्च योधानां शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिस्वनैः ।
रथनेमिस्वनैश्चापि सनागवरबृंहितैः ॥३॥

3. siṁhanādaiśca yodhānāṁ śaṅkhadundubhinisvanaiḥ ,
rathanemisvanaiścāpi sanāgavarabṛṁhitaiḥ.

3. siṃhanādaiḥ ca yodhānāṃ śaṅkhadundubhinisvanaiḥ
rathanemisvanaiḥ ca api sanāgavarabṛṃhitaiḥ

3. The king proceeded amidst the lion-roars of the warriors, the sounds of conches and drums, and also the sounds of chariot wheels along with the trumpeting of excellent elephants.

3. בקריאות האריה של הלוחמים, בקול החצוצרות והתופים, בקול גלגלי המרכבות ובשאגות הפילים המובחרים,

Words meanings summery:

• सिंहनादैः (siṁhanādaiḥ) - by lion-like roars (by lion-roars, by roars like lions)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• योधानां (yodhānāṁ) - of the warriors (of warriors)

• शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिस्वनैः (śaṅkhadundubhinisvanaiḥ) - by the sounds of conches and drums (by the sounds of conchs and drums)

• रथनेमिस्वनैः (rathanemisvanaiḥ) - by the sounds of chariot wheels

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• सनागवरबृंहितैः (sanāgavarabṛṁhitaiḥ) - along with the trumpeting of excellent elephants (with the trumpeting of excellent elephants)

Words meanings and morphology

सिंहनादैः (siṁhanādaiḥ) - by lion-like roars (by lion-roars, by roars like lions)

(common noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of siṃhanāda

siṁhanāda - lion's roar, a battle-cry, war-cry

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (siṃha+nāda)

• siṃha – lion
  common noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  common noun (masculine)
  From root 'nad' (to sound)
  Root: nad (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'siṃhanādaiḥ' with the following sounds.

योधानां (yodhānāṁ) - of the warriors (of warriors)

(common noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter

Agent noun

From root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'siṃhanādaiḥ' (the roars 'of the warriors').

शङ्खदुन्दुभिनिस्वनैः (śaṅkhadundubhinisvanaiḥ) - by the sounds of conches and drums (by the sounds of conchs and drums)

(common noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śaṅkhadundubhinisvana

śaṅkhadundubhinisvana - sound of conches and drums

Compound 'śaṅkhadundubhi' (conch and drum) followed by 'nisvana' (sound).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaṅkha+dundubhi+nisvana)

• śaṅkha – conch-shell, conch-blower
  common noun (masculine)
• dundubhi – drum, war-drum
  common noun (masculine)
• nisvana – sound, noise, roar
  common noun (masculine)
  From root 'svan' (to sound) with upasarga 'ni'.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Refers to the collective sound.

रथनेमिस्वनैः (rathanemisvanaiḥ) - by the sounds of chariot wheels

(common noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathanemisvana

rathanemisvana - sound of chariot wheels

Compound 'rathānemi' (chariot wheel) followed by 'svana' (sound).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+nemi+svana)

• ratha – chariot
  common noun (masculine)
• nemi – rim of a wheel
  common noun (feminine)
• svana – sound, noise
  common noun (masculine)
  From root 'svan' (to sound)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: 'ratha-nemi' is a tatpurusha compound.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'rathanemisvanaiḥ' with 'sanāgavarabṛṃhitaiḥ'.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis or inclusion.

सनागवरबृंहितैः (sanāgavarabṛṁhitaiḥ) - along with the trumpeting of excellent elephants (with the trumpeting of excellent elephants)

(common noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of sanāgavarabṛṃhita

sanāgavarabṛṁhita - with the trumpeting of excellent elephants

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'sa' (with) and 'nāgavara-bṛṃhita' (trumpeting of excellent elephants).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+nāga+vara+bṛṃhita)

• sa – with, together with
  prefix
• nāga – elephant, serpent
  common noun (masculine)
• vara – excellent, best, boon
  adjective (masculine)
• bṛṃhita – trumpeting (of elephants), roar
  common noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle used as a noun
  From root 'bṛṃh' (to roar, to trumpet)
  Root: bṛṃh (class 1)

Note: 'sa' here acts as a prefix meaning 'with', referring to the accompaniment of these sounds. 'nāga-vara' (excellent elephants), then 'bṛṃhita' (trumpeting). So 'with the trumpeting of excellent elephants'.

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