महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-63, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
स कदाचिन्महाबाहुः प्रभूतबलवाहनः ।
वनं जगाम गहनं हयनागशतैर्वृतः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sa kadācinmahābāhuḥ prabhūtabalavāhanaḥ ,
vanaṁ jagāma gahanaṁ hayanāgaśatairvṛtaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca sa kadācit mahābāhuḥ prabhūtabalavāhanaḥ
vanaṃ jagāma gahanaṃ hayanāgaśataiḥ vṛtaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Once, that mighty-armed king, who had abundant forces and vehicles, went to a dense forest, accompanied by hundreds of horses and elephants.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• स (sa) - he (the king from previous verses) (he, that)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - once (once, sometimes, at some time)

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed (describing the king) (mighty-armed, great-armed (epithet for a hero/king))

• प्रभूतबलवाहनः (prabhūtabalavāhanaḥ) - who had abundant forces and vehicles (having abundant forces and conveyances/vehicles)

• वनं (vanaṁ) - forest (forest, wood)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went (he went, he proceeded)

• गहनं (gahanaṁ) - dense (dense, impenetrable, profound, deep)

• हयनागशतैः (hayanāgaśataiḥ) - by hundreds of horses and elephants

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - accompanied (surrounded, covered, accompanied)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of Vyasa's pupil and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vac

Perfect past 3rd person singular

Root verb 'vac' (class 2) conjugated in liṭ (perfect past), parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Standard beginning of a narration section.

स (sa) - he (the king from previous verses) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कदाचित् (kadācit) - once (once, sometimes, at some time)

(indeclinable)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - mighty-armed (describing the king) (mighty-armed, great-armed (epithet for a hero/king))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - great-armed, mighty-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bāhu – arm
  common noun (masculine)

Note: Literally 'one who has great arms'.

प्रभूतबलवाहनः (prabhūtabalavāhanaḥ) - who had abundant forces and vehicles (having abundant forces and conveyances/vehicles)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhūtabalavāhana

prabhūtabalavāhana - having abundant forces and vehicles

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'prabhūta' and 'bala-vāhana'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prabhūta+bala+vāhana)

• prabhūta – abundant, much, prominent
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be) with upasarga 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• bala – strength, force, army, troops
  common noun (neuter)
• vāhana – vehicle, conveyance, mount
  common noun (neuter)
  Agent noun
  From root 'vah' (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: 'prabhūta' describes 'bala' and 'vāhana'. So 'one who has abundant forces and vehicles'.

वनं (vanaṁ) - forest (forest, wood)

(common noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of 'jagāma'.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went (he went, he proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (liṭ) of gam

Perfect past 3rd person singular

Root verb 'gam' (class 1) conjugated in liṭ (perfect past), parasmaipada.

Root: gam (class 1)

गहनं (gahanaṁ) - dense (dense, impenetrable, profound, deep)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gahana

gahana - dense, thick, impenetrable, deep, profound

Note: Adjective qualifying 'vanaṃ'.

हयनागशतैः (hayanāgaśataiḥ) - by hundreds of horses and elephants

(common noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hayanāgaśata

hayanāgaśata - hundreds of horses and elephants

Compound type : dvandva (haya+nāga+śata)

• haya – horse
  common noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant, serpent
  common noun (masculine)
• śata – hundred
  common noun (neuter)

Note: The compound is 'haya-nāga' (horses and elephants) then 'śata' (hundred) combined. So 'hundreds of horses and elephants'.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - accompanied (surrounded, covered, accompanied)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, chosen, appointed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛ' (to cover, to encompass).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: It agrees with the subject 'sa' (he, the king).