महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-63, verse-21

शुष्कां चापि नदीं गत्वा जलनैराश्यकर्शिताः ।
व्यायामक्लान्तहृदयाः पतन्ति स्म विचेतसः ॥२१॥

21. śuṣkāṁ cāpi nadīṁ gatvā jalanairāśyakarśitāḥ ,
vyāyāmaklāntahṛdayāḥ patanti sma vicetasaḥ.

21. śuṣkām ca api nadīm gatvā jalanairāśyakrśitāḥ
vyāyāmaklāntahṛdayāḥ patanti sma vicetasaḥ

21. Having gone to a dry river, emaciated by the lack of water and with hearts weary from exertion, they fell unconscious.

21. אחרי שהגיעו אל נהר יבש, תשושות מחוסר מים וליבן עייף מהמאמץ, נפלו חסרות חושים.

Words meanings summery:

• शुष्काम् (śuṣkām) - dry (dry, parched)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• नदीम् (nadīm) - river

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, after going)

• जलनैराश्यक्र्शिताः (jalanairāśyakrśitāḥ) - emaciated by the lack of water (emaciated by the despair of water, weakened by the hopelessness for water)

• व्यायामक्लान्तहृदयाः (vyāyāmaklāntahṛdayāḥ) - with hearts weary from exertion (whose hearts are weary from exertion, having hearts tired from exercise)

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they were falling (they fall, they drop)

• स्म (sma) - (indicates past continuous tense) (particle denoting past action with present verb)

• विचेतसः (vicetasaḥ) - unconscious (senseless, unconscious, distraught, bewildered)

Words meanings and morphology

शुष्काम् (śuṣkām) - dry (dry, parched)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śuṣka

śuṣka - dry, parched, withered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √śuṣ

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'nadīm'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'dry river'.

नदीम् (nadīm) - river

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Note: Object of 'gatvā'.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone (having gone, after going)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from √gam with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Connects the action of going to the main verb.

जलनैराश्यक्र्शिताः (jalanairāśyakrśitāḥ) - emaciated by the lack of water (emaciated by the despair of water, weakened by the hopelessness for water)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jalanairāśyakrśita

jalanairāśyakrśita - emaciated by despair of water

Compound type : tatpurusha (jala+nairāśya+krśita)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• nairāśya – despair, hopelessness, absence of hope
  noun (neuter)
• krśita – emaciated, weakened, thin
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √krś
  Root: krś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the subjects of 'patanti sma'.

व्यायामक्लान्तहृदयाः (vyāyāmaklāntahṛdayāḥ) - with hearts weary from exertion (whose hearts are weary from exertion, having hearts tired from exercise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyāyāmaklāntahṛdaya

vyāyāmaklāntahṛdaya - having hearts weary from exertion

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vyāyāmaklānta+hṛdaya)

• vyāyāma – exertion, exercise, effort
  noun (masculine)
• klānta – weary, fatigued, exhausted
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √klam
  Root: klam (class 4)
• hṛdaya – heart, mind, core
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the subjects of 'patanti sma'.

पतन्ति (patanti) - they were falling (they fall, they drop)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used with 'sma' to denote past continuous action.

स्म (sma) - (indicates past continuous tense) (particle denoting past action with present verb)

(indeclinable)

विचेतसः (vicetasaḥ) - unconscious (senseless, unconscious, distraught, bewildered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vicetas

vicetas - senseless, unconscious, deprived of consciousness

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+cetas)

• vi – without, apart, away (prefix)
  upasarga
• cetas – consciousness, mind, understanding
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the subjects of 'patanti sma'.

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