महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-32, verse-6

तमब्रवीत्सत्यधृतिं तप्यमानं पितामहः ।
किमिदं कुरुषे शेष प्रजानां स्वस्ति वै कुरु ॥६॥

6. tamabravītsatyadhṛtiṁ tapyamānaṁ pitāmahaḥ ,
kimidaṁ kuruṣe śeṣa prajānāṁ svasti vai kuru.

6. tam abravīt satyadhṛtim tapyamānam pitāmahaḥ
kim idam kuruṣe śeṣa prajānām svasti vai kuru

6. The Grandfather (Brahma) spoke to him, Shesha, who was of firm resolve and performing penance: "What is this you are doing, O Shesha? Indeed, ensure the well-being of the beings."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Shesha) (him, that)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke

• सत्यधृतिम् (satyadhṛtim) - to him of firm resolve (one of firm resolve, whose resolve is truth)

• तप्यमानम् (tapyamānam) - performing penance (performing penance, being heated)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Brahma (grandfather, Brahma)

• किम् (kim) - what (interrogative pronoun) (what, why)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the penance) (this, this here)

• कुरुषे (kuruṣe) - you are doing (you do, you make)

• शेष (śeṣa) - O Shesha (vocative) (remainder, residue, name of a nāga king (Ananta))

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the beings/creatures (of creatures, of beings, of progeny)

• स्वस्ति (svasti) - well-being (well-being, welfare, prosperity)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily)

• कुरु (kuru) - do, ensure (do, make)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Shesha) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

सत्यधृतिम् (satyadhṛtim) - to him of firm resolve (one of firm resolve, whose resolve is truth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satyadhṛti

satyadhṛti - firmly resolved, whose resolve is truth, persevering

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+dhṛti)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• dhṛti – firmness, resolve, patience
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  From root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam.

तप्यमानम् (tapyamānam) - performing penance (performing penance, being heated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapyamāna

tapyamāna - performing penance, being heated, causing pain

present passive participle

From root tap (to heat, to perform penance) with -yamāna suffix

Root: tap (class 1)

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Brahma (grandfather, Brahma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great-father, Brahma

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large, important
  adjective (masculine)

किम् (kim) - what (interrogative pronoun) (what, why)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

Note: Acts as interrogative here.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the penance) (this, this here)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

कुरुषे (kuruṣe) - you are doing (you do, you make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Atmanepada form for 2nd person singular.

शेष (śeṣa) - O Shesha (vocative) (remainder, residue, name of a nāga king (Ananta))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - remainder, residue, end, name of Ananta (a great nāga)

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the beings/creatures (of creatures, of beings, of progeny)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, creatures, subjects, people

action noun

From root jan (to be born) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

स्वस्ति (svasti) - well-being (well-being, welfare, prosperity)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of svasti

svasti - well-being, welfare, prosperity, fortune

Note: Object of 'kuru' (do/make).

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

कुरु (kuru) - do, ensure (do, make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Parasmaipada form for 2nd person singular.