महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-32, verse-1

शौनक उवाच ।
जाता वै भुजगास्तात वीर्यवन्तो दुरासदाः ।
शापं तं त्वथ विज्ञाय कृतवन्तो नु किं परम् ॥१॥

1. śaunaka uvāca ,
jātā vai bhujagāstāta vīryavanto durāsadāḥ ,
śāpaṁ taṁ tvatha vijñāya kṛtavanto nu kiṁ param.

1. śaunakaḥ uvāca jātāḥ vai bhujagāḥ tāta vīryavantaḥ
durāsadāḥ śāpam tam tu atha vijñāya kṛtavantaḥ nu kim param

1. Śaunaka said: O dear one, the serpents were indeed born powerful and formidable. But then, having understood that curse, what did they do next?

Words meanings summery:

• शौनकः (śaunakaḥ) - Śaunaka (Śaunaka (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• जाताः (jātāḥ) - were born, became (born, originated, produced)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

• भुजगाः (bhujagāḥ) - the serpents (serpents)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (dear one, father, son (term of endearment or respect))

• वीर्यवन्तः (vīryavantaḥ) - powerful (powerful, valorous, energetic)

• दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - formidable (difficult to approach, formidable, unassailable)

• शापम् (śāpam) - the curse (curse)

• तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood (having known, having understood)

• कृतवन्तः (kṛtavantaḥ) - they did (they did, they made)

• नु (nu) - then (interrogative particle) (now, then, indeed, interrogative particle)

• किम् (kim) - what (what? who? which?)

• परम् (param) - further, next (further, next, superior)

Words meanings and morphology

शौनकः (śaunakaḥ) - Śaunaka (Śaunaka (proper noun))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaunaka

śaunaka - name of a sage, descendant of Śunaka

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

जाताः (jātāḥ) - were born, became (born, originated, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, become, arisen

past passive participle

from root 'jan'

Root: jan (class 4)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

भुजगाः (bhujagāḥ) - the serpents (serpents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhujaga

bhujaga - serpent, snake

from bhuj + ga (gacchati)

Root: gam (class 1)

तात (tāta) - O dear one (dear one, father, son (term of endearment or respect))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, son, dear one, respected sir (vocative usage)

वीर्यवन्तः (vīryavantaḥ) - powerful (powerful, valorous, energetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valorous, energetic, brave

suffixed with -matup

दुरासदाः (durāsadāḥ) - formidable (difficult to approach, formidable, unassailable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, inaccessible, formidable

from dur + ā + sad

Prefixes: dur+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

शापम् (śāpam) - the curse (curse)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

Root: śap (class 1)

तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to śāpam

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

from root 'jñā' with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

कृतवन्तः (kṛtavantaḥ) - they did (they did, they made)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, having made

past active participle

from root 'kṛ' with suffix '-tavat'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नु (nu) - then (interrogative particle) (now, then, indeed, interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what (what? who? which?)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which, why

Note: Serves as direct object 'what'

परम् (param) - further, next (further, next, superior)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, different, subsequent, highest, supreme, remote