महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-32, verse-18

ब्रह्मोवाच ।
प्रीतोऽस्म्यनेन ते शेष दमेन प्रशमेन च ।
त्वया त्विदं वचः कार्यं मन्नियोगात्प्रजाहितम् ॥१८॥

18. brahmovāca ,
prīto'smyanena te śeṣa damena praśamena ca ,
tvayā tvidaṁ vacaḥ kāryaṁ manniyogātprajāhitam.

18. brahmā uvāca | prītaḥ asmi anena te śeṣa damena praśamena
ca | tvayā tu idam vacaḥ kāryam mat niyogāt prajāhitam

18. Brahma said: "O Śeṣa, I am pleased by your self-control and tranquility. But this command, which is beneficial for all creatures, must be carried out by you at my behest."

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (Brahma (the creator god))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased (pleased, delighted)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• अनेन (anena) - by this (your quality/request) (by this, with this)

• ते (te) - your

• शेष (śeṣa) - O Śeṣa

• दमेन (damena) - by your self-control (by self-control, by restraint)

• प्रशमेन (praśamena) - by your tranquility (by tranquility, by peace)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, however)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचः (vacaḥ) - command (word, speech, command)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - to be done, task (to be done, duty, work)

• मत् (mat) - my

• नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by command (from command, by order)

• प्रजाहितम् (prajāhitam) - beneficial for all creatures (beneficial to creatures, public welfare)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मा (brahmā) - Brahma (Brahma (the creator god))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma (the creator god), sacred utterance, the Absolute

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased (pleased, delighted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, gratified, beloved

past passive participle

from root prī

Root: prī (class 9)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अनेन (anena) - by this (your quality/request) (by this, with this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the qualities of dama and praśama expressed in Śeṣa's request.

ते (te) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun

शेष (śeṣa) - O Śeṣa

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - Śeṣa (name of the cosmic serpent), remainder, remnant

दमेन (damena) - by your self-control (by self-control, by restraint)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation

action noun

from root dam

Root: dam (class 4)

प्रशमेन (praśamena) - by your tranquility (by tranquility, by peace)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of praśama

praśama - tranquility, cessation, peace, composure

action noun

from root śam with pra

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun

Note: Agent for the passive construction with 'kāryam'.

तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'vacaḥ' and 'kāryam'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - command (word, speech, command)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, voice, command

from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - to be done, task (to be done, duty, work)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, work, action

future passive participle

from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies 'should be done' or 'is to be done'.

मत् (mat) - my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person pronoun

Note: Alternate form of 'mama'.

नियोगात् (niyogāt) - by command (from command, by order)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niyoga

niyoga - command, order, injunction, appointment

action noun

from root yuj with ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

प्रजाहितम् (prajāhitam) - beneficial for all creatures (beneficial to creatures, public welfare)

(compound adjective)

Compound type : dat-tatpuruṣa (prajā+hita)

• prajā – offspring, subjects, creatures, people
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• hita – beneficial, good, placed, friendly
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from root dhā
  Root: dhā (class 3)