महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-32, verse-2

सूत उवाच ।
तेषां तु भगवाञ्शेषस्त्यक्त्वा कद्रूं महायशाः ।
तपो विपुलमातस्थे वायुभक्षो यतव्रतः ॥२॥

2. sūta uvāca ,
teṣāṁ tu bhagavāñśeṣastyaktvā kadrūṁ mahāyaśāḥ ,
tapo vipulamātasthe vāyubhakṣo yatavrataḥ.

2. sūtaḥ uvāca teṣām tu bhagavān śeṣaḥ tyaktvā kadrūm
mahāyaśāḥ tapaḥ vipulam ātasthe vāyubhakṣaḥ yatavrataḥ

2. Sūta said: But among them, the highly renowned and venerable Shesha, having abandoned Kadru, undertook great austerities, subsisting on air and disciplined in his vows.

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - among them (of them)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable (epithet for Shesha) (venerable, divine, glorious, illustrious)

• शेषः (śeṣaḥ) - Shesha (proper name) (residue, remainder, Shesha (name of the cosmic serpent))

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left)

• कद्रूम् (kadrūm) - Kadru (Kadru (name of the mother of snakes))

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned (highly renowned, greatly glorious)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities (austerity, penance, religious practice)

• विपुलम् (vipulam) - great (vast, extensive, great, abundant)

• आतस्थे (ātasthe) - undertook (he undertook, performed, stood)

• वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air (one who subsists on air)

• यतव्रतः (yatavrataḥ) - disciplined in his vows (one who has restrained vows, disciplined in vows)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (proper name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, son of a Kṣatriya father and Brāhmaṇa mother, a caste

Root: sū (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - among them (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the serpents

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable (epithet for Shesha) (venerable, divine, glorious, illustrious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, fortunate, divine, venerable, lord

possessive adjective from 'bhaga' (fortune, excellence)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

शेषः (śeṣaḥ) - Shesha (proper name) (residue, remainder, Shesha (name of the cosmic serpent))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - remainder, residue, the cosmic serpent (Nāgarāja) Shesha

from root 'śiṣ' (to leave remaining)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having left)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

from root 'tyaj' with suffix '-ktvā'

Root: tyaj (class 1)

कद्रूम् (kadrūm) - Kadru (Kadru (name of the mother of snakes))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kadrū

kadrū - name of a daughter of Dakṣa, wife of Kaśyapa, mother of the Nāgas

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - highly renowned (highly renowned, greatly glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - having great fame, illustrious, glorious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+yaśas)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
• yaśas – fame, glory, honor
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Shesha

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities (austerity, penance, religious practice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

विपुलम् (vipulam) - great (vast, extensive, great, abundant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipula

vipula - vast, extensive, abundant, great, large

from vi + pṛ (to fill)

Prefix: vi

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with tapaḥ

आतस्थे (ātasthe) - undertook (he undertook, performed, stood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of sthā

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect middle of 'ā-sthā'

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Often takes an accusative object for 'undertake'

वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air (one who subsists on air)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyubhakṣa

vāyubhakṣa - one who feeds on air, air-eater

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāyu+bhakṣa)

• vāyu – wind, air, god of wind
  noun (masculine)
• bhakṣa – food, eating, feeder
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'bhakṣ' (to eat)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Shesha

यतव्रतः (yatavrataḥ) - disciplined in his vows (one who has restrained vows, disciplined in vows)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yatavrata

yatavrata - one whose vows are restrained, having observed vows, disciplined in vows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yata+vrata)

• yata – restrained, controlled, disciplined
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  from root 'yam'
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred rule
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Shesha