महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-201, verse-10

ततो देवाभवन्भीता उग्रं दृष्ट्वा तयोस्तपः ।
तपोविघातार्थमथो देवा विघ्नानि चक्रिरे ॥१०॥

10. tato devābhavanbhītā ugraṁ dṛṣṭvā tayostapaḥ ,
tapovighātārthamatho devā vighnāni cakrire.

10. tataḥ devāḥ abhavan bhītāḥ ugram dṛṣṭvā tayoḥ tapaḥ
tapovighātārtham atha u devāḥ vighnāni cakrire

10. Then the gods became frightened after witnessing their intense asceticism (tapas). Therefore, the gods then created obstacles to impede that asceticism (tapas).

10. אז נבהלו האלים למראה התרגול הקשה שלהם, והאלים הציבו מכשולים כדי להפריע לתרגול.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

• उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, intense

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them (two)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, spiritual fervor (tapas)

• तपोविघातार्थम् (tapovighātārtham) - for the purpose of obstructing asceticism (tapas)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• उ (u) - indeed, certainly, also (emphasizing particle)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• विघ्नानि (vighnāni) - obstacles, impediments

• चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, fearful, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Root: bhī (class 3)

उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, intense

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty, powerful, intense

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them (two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, spiritual fervor (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

तपोविघातार्थम् (tapovighātārtham) - for the purpose of obstructing asceticism (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapovighātārtha

tapovighātārtha - for the sake of obstructing asceticism

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vighāta+artha)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vighāta – obstruction, impediment, hindrance, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: han (class 2)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate purpose.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

उ (u) - indeed, certainly, also (emphasizing particle)

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

विघ्नानि (vighnāni) - obstacles, impediments

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vighna

vighna - obstacle, impediment, difficulty

चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

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