महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-201, verse-10

ततो देवाभवन्भीता उग्रं दृष्ट्वा तयोस्तपः ।
तपोविघातार्थमथो देवा विघ्नानि चक्रिरे ॥१०॥

10. tato devābhavanbhītā ugraṁ dṛṣṭvā tayostapaḥ ,
tapovighātārthamatho devā vighnāni cakrire.

10. tataḥ devāḥ abhavan bhītāḥ ugram dṛṣṭvā tayoḥ tapaḥ
tapovighātārtham atha u devāḥ vighnāni cakrire

10. Then the gods became frightened after witnessing their intense asceticism (tapas). Therefore, the gods then created obstacles to impede that asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

• भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

• उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, intense

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them (two)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, spiritual fervor (tapas)

• तपोविघातार्थम् (tapovighātārtham) - for the purpose of obstructing asceticism (tapas)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• उ (u) - indeed, certainly, also (emphasizing particle)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• विघ्नानि (vighnāni) - obstacles, impediments

• चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

भीताः (bhītāḥ) - frightened, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, fearful, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Root: bhī (class 3)

उग्रम् (ugram) - fierce, terrible, intense

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty, powerful, intense

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them (two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism, penance, spiritual fervor (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

तपोविघातार्थम् (tapovighātārtham) - for the purpose of obstructing asceticism (tapas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapovighātārtha

tapovighātārtha - for the sake of obstructing asceticism

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vighāta+artha)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• vighāta – obstruction, impediment, hindrance, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: han (class 2)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to indicate purpose.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

उ (u) - indeed, certainly, also (emphasizing particle)

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

विघ्नानि (vighnāni) - obstacles, impediments

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vighna

vighna - obstacle, impediment, difficulty

चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they made, they did

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)