महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-201, verse-1

नारद उवाच ।
शृणु मे विस्तरेणेममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
भ्रातृभीः सहितः पार्थ यथावृत्तं युधिष्ठिर ॥१॥

1. nārada uvāca ,
śṛṇu me vistareṇemamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
bhrātṛbhīḥ sahitaḥ pārtha yathāvṛttaṁ yudhiṣṭhira.

1. nārada uvāca śṛṇu me vistareṇa imam itihāsam purātanam
bhrātṛbhīḥ sahitaḥ pārtha yathāvṛttam yudhiṣṭhira

1. Nārada said: O Yudhiṣṭhira, O son of Pṛthā (Pārtha), listen to me with your brothers, in detail, to this ancient narrative (itihāsa) just as it transpired.

Words meanings summery:

• नारद (nārada) - Nārada

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• मे (me) - to me, my

• विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail, extensively

• इमम् (imam) - this

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, legend, narrative (itihāsa)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• भ्रातृभीः (bhrātṛbhīḥ) - with brothers, by brothers

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by, together with

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira as a son of Pṛthā. (O son of Pṛthā, O Pārtha)

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly as it transpired

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

नारद (nārada) - Nārada

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (name of a divine sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

From root vac (class 2), active voice, perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative

From root śru (class 5), active voice, imperative mood, 2nd person singular.

Root: śru (class 5)

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

Note: Used here as dative 'to me'.

विस्तरेण (vistareṇa) - in detail, extensively

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vistara

vistara - detail, extent, elaboration

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - history, legend, narrative (itihāsa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, tradition, narrative, legend (itihāsa)

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former

Note: Agrees with 'itihāsam'.

भ्रातृभीः (bhrātṛbhīḥ) - with brothers, by brothers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by, together with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied, joined, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'saha' (with) and past participle of root 'i' (to go).

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Yudhiṣṭhira, implying 'you who are accompanied by'.

पार्थ (pārtha) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira as a son of Pṛthā. (O son of Pṛthā, O Pārtha)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (epithet for Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma)

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - as it happened, exactly as it transpired

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, according to
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – happened, transpired, occurred
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root vṛt (class 1).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially to modify the listening action.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)