महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-198, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
भीष्मः शांतनवो विद्वान्द्रोणश्च भगवानृषिः ।
हितं परमकं वाक्यं त्वं च सत्यं ब्रवीषि माम् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
bhīṣmaḥ śāṁtanavo vidvāndroṇaśca bhagavānṛṣiḥ ,
hitaṁ paramakaṁ vākyaṁ tvaṁ ca satyaṁ bravīṣi mām.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca | bhīṣmaḥ
śāntanavaḥ vidvān droṇaḥ ca
bhagavān ṛṣiḥ | hitam paramakam
vākyam tvam ca satyam bravīṣi mām

1. Dhritarashtra said: Bhishma, the son of Shantanu, is learned; and Drona is a revered sage. You too tell me a supremely beneficial and truthful statement.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma. (son of Shantanu)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise, knowing

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• च (ca) - and

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - revered, venerable, divine

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage, seer

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good

• परमकम् (paramakam) - supreme, highest, excellent

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, speech

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• च (ca) - and

• सत्यम् (satyam) - true, truthful, truth

• ब्रवीषि (bravīṣi) - you speak, you tell

• माम् (mām) - me

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of a king)

"He who upholds the kingdom". Compound of Dhṛta (held/supported) and Rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root dhṛ (to hold) + kta suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ)

Root vac, perfect 3rd singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

शान्तनवः (śāntanavaḥ) - Refers to Bhishma. (son of Shantanu)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāntanava

śāntanava - descendant of Shantanu, son of Shantanu

Taddhita derivation from śantanu + aṇ suffix.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - learned, wise, knowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - learned, wise, knowing, intelligent

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vid (to know) with suffix -śatṛ.

Root: vid (class 2)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - revered, venerable, divine

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - revered, venerable, divine, fortunate, glorious

Possessive suffix -vat.

Root: bhag

Note: Often used as a respectful title for deities, sages, or enlightened beings.

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage, seer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

From root ṛṣ (to go, move, flow).

Root: ṛṣ (class 6)

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, salutary, welfare

Past Passive Participle

From root dhā (to place) with i insertion. Becomes participle for 'well-placed, hence beneficial'.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'vākyam'.

परमकम् (paramakam) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paramaka

paramaka - highest, best, supreme, excellent

Superlative suffix -ka added to parama.

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - statement, word, speech, sentence

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'bravīṣi'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

सत्यम् (satyam) - true, truthful, truth

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - true, truthful, real, truth

From sat (being, existing).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'vākyam'.

ब्रवीषि (bravīṣi) - you speak, you tell

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present tense

Root brū, present 2nd singular active.

Root: brū (class 2)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me