महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-169, verse-10

तं तथा निश्चितात्मानं महात्मानं महातपाः ।
वसिष्ठो वारयामास हेतुना येन तच्छृणु ॥१०॥

10. taṁ tathā niścitātmānaṁ mahātmānaṁ mahātapāḥ ,
vasiṣṭho vārayāmāsa hetunā yena tacchṛṇu.

10. tam tathā niścitātmānam mahātmānam mahātapāḥ
vasiṣṭhaḥ vārayām āsa hetunā yena tat śṛṇu

10. Listen now to the reason by which Vasiṣṭha, a great ascetic (mahātapāḥ), restrained that great-souled (mahātman) one, whose resolve was thus fixed.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• निश्चितात्मानम् (niścitātmānam) - one whose mind/self is resolved, firmly determined

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - great-souled one, noble-minded one

• महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic, one of great austerity

• वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha (a proper name)

• वारयाम् आस (vārayām āsa) - he restrained, he prevented

• हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause, on account of

• येन (yena) - by which, whereby

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

निश्चितात्मानम् (niścitātmānam) - one whose mind/self is resolved, firmly determined

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niścitātman

niścitātman - one whose mind is resolved, firmly resolved, determined

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niścita+ātman)

• niścita – ascertained, decided, resolved, firm
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √ci (5th class) 'to collect' with prefix ni- and intensive prefix śi- (or from √ści with ni-).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: √ci (class 5)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind
  noun (masculine)

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - great-souled one, noble-minded one

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – soul, self, spirit, mind
  noun (masculine)

महातपाः (mahātapāḥ) - great ascetic, one of great austerity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one of great austerity

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• tapas – asceticism, austerity, heat
  noun (neuter)

वसिष्ठः (vasiṣṭhaḥ) - Vasiṣṭha (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (name of a celebrated Vedic sage), most excellent

वारयाम् आस (vārayām āsa) - he restrained, he prevented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of √vṛ

Perfect Tense (Causative)

Periphrastic perfect of the causative stem (vāraya-) of √vṛ (9th class), formed with the perfect of √as.

Root: √vṛ (class 9)

हेतुना (hetunā) - by reason, by cause, on account of

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, instrument

येन (yena) - by which, whereby

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present imperative (lot) of √śru

Imperative Mood

Derived from root √śru (5th class), active voice, imperative mood (Lot).

Root: √śru (class 5)