महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-168, verse-5

स हि द्वादश वर्षाणि वसिष्ठस्यैव तेजसा ।
ग्रस्त आसीद्गृहेणेव पर्वकाले दिवाकरः ॥५॥

5. sa hi dvādaśa varṣāṇi vasiṣṭhasyaiva tejasā ,
grasta āsīdgṛheṇeva parvakāle divākaraḥ.

5. sa hi dvādaśa varṣāṇi vasiṣṭhasya eva tejasā
grastaḥ āsīt gṛheṇa iva parva-kāle divākaraḥ

5. Indeed, for twelve years, he (Kalmāṣapāda) was afflicted by the power (tejas) of Vasiṣṭha, just as the sun (divākara) is swallowed by a shadow during an eclipse period.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that one

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• वसिष्ठस्य (vasiṣṭhasya) - of Vasiṣṭha

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by the power (tejas), by the spiritual energy

• ग्रस्तः (grastaḥ) - afflicted, seized, swallowed

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• गृहेण (gṛheṇa) - by a shadowing/eclipsing body (like Rāhu, which causes eclipses) (by a house; by an eclipsing body (Rāhu))

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पर्व-काले (parva-kāle) - during the eclipse period, on a conjunction day

• दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (lit. "day-maker")

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

वसिष्ठस्य (vasiṣṭhasya) - of Vasiṣṭha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (name of a famous Vedic sage)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

तेजसा (tejasā) - by the power (tejas), by the spiritual energy

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, luster, spiritual power, energy, vital force

ग्रस्तः (grastaḥ) - afflicted, seized, swallowed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grasta

grasta - seized, afflicted, swallowed, eclipsed

Past Passive Participle

derived from root gras- (to seize, swallow)

Root: gras (class 1)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

गृहेण (gṛheṇa) - by a shadowing/eclipsing body (like Rāhu, which causes eclipses) (by a house; by an eclipsing body (Rāhu))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, dwelling; (in astronomy) a planetary node (like Rāhu, which causes eclipses)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

पर्व-काले (parva-kāle) - during the eclipse period, on a conjunction day

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of parvakāla

parvakāla - a conjunction period (of sun and moon, i.e., eclipse time), a festival time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvan+kāla)

• parvan – knot, joint, segment; also a day of lunar conjunction/opposition (full moon, new moon, etc.)
  noun (neuter)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

दिवाकरः (divākaraḥ) - the sun (lit. "day-maker")

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - the sun (lit. "day-maker")

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, daily (indeclinable)
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, causing (from kṛ - to do, make)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)