महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-147, verse-5

इह वा तारयेद्दुर्गादुत वा प्रेत्य तारयेत् ।
सर्वथा तारयेत्पुत्रः पुत्र इत्युच्यते बुधैः ॥५॥

5. iha vā tārayeddurgāduta vā pretya tārayet ,
sarvathā tārayetputraḥ putra ityucyate budhaiḥ.

5. iha vā tārayet durgāt uta vā pretya tārayet
sarvathā tārayet putraḥ putra iti ucyate budhaiḥ

5. Either here, an offspring saves from dangers, or after death, it saves. In every way, a son (putra) saves; that is why he is called 'putra' by the wise.

Words meanings summery:

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• वा (vā) - or, either

• तारयेत् (tārayet) - should save, should ferry across

• दुर्गात् (durgāt) - from difficulties, from dangers, from a bad pass

• उत (uta) - or, also, moreover

• वा (vā) - or, either

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having died

• तारयेत् (tārayet) - should save, should ferry across

• सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, by all means

• तारयेत् (tārayet) - should save, should ferry across

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son, child

• पुत्र (putra) - son, child

• इति (iti) - thus (marking a quotation)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

• बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise, by learned persons

Words meanings and morphology

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Marks an alternative.

तारयेत् (tārayet) - should save, should ferry across

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tṛ

Optative Active (Causative stem)

From root √tṛ (to cross, go beyond) in causative stem (tārayati). 3rd person singular optative active. The optative mood expresses a wish, possibility, or obligation.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is `putraḥ` (implied).

दुर्गात् (durgāt) - from difficulties, from dangers, from a bad pass

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of durga

durga - difficulty, danger, fortress, hard to pass

Ablative singular of 'durga' (difficult passage, danger). From dur (bad) + ga (going).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+ga)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  A prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• ga – going, moving, knowing
  adjective
  Derived from root √gam (to go) with suffix -a.
  Root: gam (class 1)

उत (uta) - or, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce an alternative, often paired with `vā`.

Note: Conjunction, part of 'uta vā'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Marks an alternative.

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having died

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √i (to go) with prefix pra-. Literally 'having gone forth' (from this life).

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the state after death.

तारयेत् (tārayet) - should save, should ferry across

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tṛ

Optative Active (Causative stem)

From root √tṛ (to cross, go beyond) in causative stem (tārayati). 3rd person singular optative active.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is `putraḥ` (implied).

सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, by all means

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sarva' (all) with the suffix -thā (in the manner of).

तारयेत् (tārayet) - should save, should ferry across

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tṛ

Optative Active (Causative stem)

From root √tṛ (to cross, go beyond) in causative stem (tārayati). 3rd person singular optative active.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject is `putraḥ`.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son, child

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Nominative singular of 'putra'. Traditionally derived from 'pu' (a hell) + 'tra' (savior from), i.e., 'one who saves from the hell called PuT'.

Note: Subject of `tārayet` and `ucyate`.

पुत्र (putra) - son, child

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Nominative singular or stem form of 'putra'. Used here as the quoted word.

Note: The actual word being defined/quoted.

इति (iti) - thus (marking a quotation)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark the end of a quotation or definition.

Note: Marks the end of the definition of 'putra'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Passive

From root √vac (to speak, say). 3rd person singular present passive (ātmanepada).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Its subject is `putraḥ`.

बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise, by learned persons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, learned, intelligent

Instrumental plural of 'budha' (wise, learned person).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb `ucyate`.