महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-147, verse-3

धर्मतोऽहं परित्याज्या युवयोर्नात्र संशयः ।
त्यक्तव्यां मां परित्यज्य त्रातं सर्वं मयैकया ॥३॥

3. dharmato'haṁ parityājyā yuvayornātra saṁśayaḥ ,
tyaktavyāṁ māṁ parityajya trātaṁ sarvaṁ mayaikayā.

3. dharmataḥ aham parityājyā yuvayoḥ na atra saṃśayaḥ
tyaktavyām mām parityajya trātam sarvam mayā ekayā

3. According to natural law (dharma), I am to be abandoned by you two; there is no doubt about this. By abandoning me, who is indeed to be forsaken, everything has been saved by me alone.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to dharma, by natural law, by intrinsic nature, by duty

• अहम् (aham) - I

• परित्याज्या (parityājyā) - to be abandoned, to be forsaken

• युवयोः (yuvayoḥ) - of you two, by you two

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

• त्यक्तव्याम् (tyaktavyām) - who should be abandoned, fit to be abandoned

• माम् (mām) - me

• परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

• त्रातम् (trātam) - saved, protected

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• मया (mayā) - by me

• एकया (ekayā) - by one (feminine), by me alone

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - according to dharma, by natural law, by intrinsic nature, by duty

(indeclinable)

Derived from root √dhṛ (to uphold, support). The suffix -tas implies 'from' or 'according to'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage, 'according to (dharma)'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person singular nominative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the sentence (the maiden is speaking).

परित्याज्या (parityājyā) - to be abandoned, to be forsaken

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parityājya

parityājya - to be abandoned, to be given up, to be forsaken

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from verbal root √tyaj (to abandon) with prefix pari- and suffix -ya. Feminine nominative singular.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.

युवयोः (yuvayoḥ) - of you two, by you two

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (dual)

Genitive dual of the second person pronoun 'yuṣmad' (you). Implied agent of the gerundive.

Note: Implied agent for `parityājyā` ('by you two').

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' with suffix -tra (locative sense).

Note: 'in this' (matter).

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

Derived from root √śī (to lie) with prefixes sam-. Literally 'lying together', hence 'hesitation', 'doubt'.

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Subject of an implied 'asti' (is).

त्यक्तव्याम् (tyaktavyām) - who should be abandoned, fit to be abandoned

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tyaktavya

tyaktavya - to be abandoned, to be forsaken

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Derived from root √tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -tavya. Feminine accusative singular.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies `mām`.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Accusative singular of the first person pronoun 'aham'.

Note: Object of `parityajya`.

परित्यज्य (parityajya) - having abandoned, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from verbal root √tyaj (to abandon) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Indicates a preceding action by the same agent (the maiden).

त्रातम् (trātam) - saved, protected

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of trāta

trāta - saved, protected, delivered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √trā (to protect, save) with suffix -ta. Neuter nominative singular.

Root: trā (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for `sarvam`.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Neuter nominative singular of 'sarva'.

Note: Subject of the passive verb (implied 'asti').

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Instrumental singular of the first person pronoun 'aham'.

Note: Agent of the passive participle `trātam`.

एकया (ekayā) - by one (feminine), by me alone

(numeral)

Note: Modifies `mayā`, emphasizing 'alone'.