महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-147, verse-17

किं न्वतः परमं दुःखं यद्वयं स्वर्गते त्वयि ।
याचमानाः परादन्नं परिधावेमहि श्ववत् ॥१७॥

17. kiṁ nvataḥ paramaṁ duḥkhaṁ yadvayaṁ svargate tvayi ,
yācamānāḥ parādannaṁ paridhāvemahi śvavat.

17. kim nu ataḥ paramam duḥkham yat vayam svargate
tvayi yācamānāḥ parāt annam paridhāvemahi śvavat

17. What indeed is a greater sorrow than this, that we, after you have departed to heaven (svarga), should have to roam around like dogs, begging for food from others?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what? why? what indeed?

• नु (nu) - indeed, surely, now

• अतः (ataḥ) - than this (than this, from this, therefore)

• परमम् (paramam) - greater (sorrow) (supreme, highest, greatest)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

• यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause of consequence/reason) (that (relative pronoun), because, so that)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• स्वर्गते (svargate) - after you have departed to heaven (svarga) (in one who has gone to heaven, in (you) having gone to heaven)

• त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, upon you

• याचमानाः (yācamānāḥ) - begging, soliciting, asking

• परात् (parāt) - from another, from others

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, rice

• परिधावेमहि (paridhāvemahi) - we may run around, we should run about

• श्ववत् (śvavat) - like a dog, dog-like

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what? why? what indeed?

(interrogative pronoun)

नु (nu) - indeed, surely, now

(indeclinable)

अतः (ataḥ) - than this (than this, from this, therefore)

(indeclinable)

परमम् (paramam) - greater (sorrow) (supreme, highest, greatest)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, greatest, excellent

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, misery, pain

यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause of consequence/reason) (that (relative pronoun), because, so that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun), that, because

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I (pronoun)

स्वर्गते (svargate) - after you have departed to heaven (svarga) (in one who has gone to heaven, in (you) having gone to heaven)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of svargata

svargata - gone to heaven, deceased

Compound of svarga (heaven) and gata (gone, PPP of gam)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+gata)

• svarga – heaven, abode of the gods, paradise
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, departed, arrived at
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction

त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, upon you

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

याचमानाः (yācamānāḥ) - begging, soliciting, asking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yācamāna

yācamāna - begging, asking, supplicating

Present Middle Participle

From root yāc (to beg, ask)

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vayam'

परात् (parāt) - from another, from others

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant

Note: Used as a substantive, 'from another person'

अन्नम् (annam) - food, rice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

परिधावेमहि (paridhāvemahi) - we may run around, we should run about

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, optative (liṅ) of pari-dhāv

Prefix: pari

Root: dhāv (class 1)

श्ववत् (śvavat) - like a dog, dog-like

(indeclinable)

From śvan (dog) with suffix -vat (like, similar to)