महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-147, verse-20

ततः प्ररुदितान्सर्वान्निशम्याथ सुतस्तयोः ।
उत्फुल्लनयनो बालः कलमव्यक्तमब्रवीत् ॥२०॥

20. tataḥ praruditānsarvānniśamyātha sutastayoḥ ,
utphullanayano bālaḥ kalamavyaktamabravīt.

20. tataḥ praruditān sarvān niśamya atha sutaḥ tayoḥ
utphullanayanaḥ bālaḥ kalam avyaktam abravīt

20. Then, having heard all of them weeping, their son, the boy with wide-open eyes, spoke in a sweet, inarticulate voice.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• प्ररुदितान् (praruditān) - all of them weeping (the weeping ones, those who wept aloud)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, all of them

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having observed

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - their son (son)

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - (of the parents) their (of them two, their (dual))

• उत्फुल्लनयनः (utphullanayanaḥ) - having wide-open eyes, having blossoming eyes

• बालः (bālaḥ) - the young boy (boy, child, young one)

• कलम् (kalam) - a sweet (sound) (sweetly, indistinctly (sound))

• अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - an inarticulate (voice/speech) (unmanifest, indistinct, inarticulate)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

प्ररुदितान् (praruditān) - all of them weeping (the weeping ones, those who wept aloud)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prarudita

prarudita - wept, having wept aloud, lamented intensely

Past Passive Participle

From root rud (to weep) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Used as a substantive, referring to 'all' who were weeping.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all, all of them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having observed

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

सुतः (sutaḥ) - their son (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, offspring, produced

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root sū (to bear, produce)

Root: sū (class 5)

तयोः (tayoḥ) - (of the parents) their (of them two, their (dual))

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of tad

tad - that (pronoun)

उत्फुल्लनयनः (utphullanayanaḥ) - having wide-open eyes, having blossoming eyes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utphullanayana

utphullanayana - having blossomed or wide-open eyes

Bahuvrīhi compound: utphulla (blossomed/opened) + nayana (eye)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (utphulla+nayana)

• utphulla – blossomed, opened, expanded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root phal (to burst forth) with upasarga ut
  Prefix: ut
  Root: phal (class 1)
• nayana – eye, leading, guiding
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun from root nī (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)

बालः (bālaḥ) - the young boy (boy, child, young one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, ignorant

कलम् (kalam) - a sweet (sound) (sweetly, indistinctly (sound))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kala

kala - sweet, soft, indistinct (sound), charming

Note: Modifies 'avyaktam' which is also used as a noun here meaning 'inarticulate speech'.

अव्यक्तम् (avyaktam) - an inarticulate (voice/speech) (unmanifest, indistinct, inarticulate)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyakta

avyakta - unmanifested, indistinct, inarticulate, unperceived

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Compound of 'a' (not) and 'vyakta' (manifested, distinct, PPP of vi-añc)

Compound type : dvandva (a+vyakta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vyakta – manifested, distinct, clear, articulate
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root añc (to bend, go) with upasarga vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: añc (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun or adverb modifying the verb 'abravīt' (spoke).

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)