भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-17, verse-20
दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे ।
देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ॥२०॥
देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ॥२०॥
20. dātavyamiti yaddānaṁ dīyate'nupakāriṇe ,
deśe kāle ca pātre ca taddānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam.
deśe kāle ca pātre ca taddānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam.
20.
dātavyam iti yat dānam dīyate anupakāriṇe deśe
kāle ca pātre ca tat dānam sāttvikam smṛtam
kāle ca pātre ca tat dānam sāttvikam smṛtam
20.
yat dānam dātavyam iti anupakāriṇe deśe kāle ca pātre ca dīyate,
tat dānam sāttvikam smṛtam
tat dānam sāttvikam smṛtam
20.
That charity (dāna) which is given with the thought, "It is to be given," to a person unable to return the favor, and is given at a proper place and time, and to a worthy recipient, is considered sattvic.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - "It is to be given" (to be given, ought to be given)
- इति (iti) - thus, so, saying, thinking
- यत् (yat) - that (charity) which (which, that (neuter))
- दानम् (dānam) - charity, gift, giving
- दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered
- अनुपकारिणे (anupakāriṇe) - to one who is unable to help in return, to one who cannot return a favor
- देशे (deśe) - in a proper place (in a place, in a region)
- काले (kāle) - at a proper time (at a time, in time)
- च (ca) - and, also
- पात्रे (pātre) - to a worthy recipient (person) (to a worthy recipient, in a vessel)
- च (ca) - and, also
- तत् (tat) - that (charity) (that, it)
- दानम् (dānam) - charity, gift, giving
- सात्त्विकम् (sāttvikam) - sattvic, pertaining to sattva (goodness/purity)
- स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered (by scriptures/wise people) (remembered, considered, declared)
Words meanings and morphology
दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - "It is to be given" (to be given, ought to be given)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dātavya
dātavya - to be given, fit to be given, due to be given
Gerundive (Kartavya Pratyaya)
From root √dā (to give) with suffix -tavya.
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Represents the internal thought/motive.
इति (iti) - thus, so, saying, thinking
(indeclinable)
Particle.
यत् (yat) - that (charity) which (which, that (neuter))
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, that
Relative pronoun.
दानम् (dānam) - charity, gift, giving
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna
dāna - gift, charity, giving, donation
From root √dā (to give).
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Subject of the relative clause.
दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dā
Present Passive
From root √dā (to give).
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Subject is `yat dānam`.
अनुपकारिणे (anupakāriṇe) - to one who is unable to help in return, to one who cannot return a favor
(adjective)
Dative, masculine, singular of anupakārin
anupakārin - one who does not return a kindness, ungrateful, unable to help in return
Compound: a (not) + upakārin (benefactor, helper, one who returns a kindness)
Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+upakārin)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - upakārin – benefactor, helper, one who returns a kindness
adjective
Agent noun from √upakṛ (to help)
Derived from prefix upa + root √kṛ + suffix -in
Prefix: upa
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Recipient of the gift.
देशे (deśe) - in a proper place (in a place, in a region)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of deśa
deśa - place, region, country, spot
Root: diś (class 6)
Note: Indicates location.
काले (kāle) - at a proper time (at a time, in time)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of kāla
kāla - time, period, season, death
Root: kal (class 10)
Note: Indicates time.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
पात्रे (pātre) - to a worthy recipient (person) (to a worthy recipient, in a vessel)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of pātra
pātra - vessel, cup, recipient, worthy person, suitable person
From root √pā (to drink, protect).
Root: pā (class 1)
Note: Indicates the worthy recipient.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
तत् (tat) - that (charity) (that, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it, this
Demonstrative pronoun.
Note: Correlative to `yat`.
दानम् (dānam) - charity, gift, giving
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna
dāna - gift, charity, giving, donation
From root √dā (to give).
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Subject of the main clause.
सात्त्विकम् (sāttvikam) - sattvic, pertaining to sattva (goodness/purity)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sāttvika
sāttvika - belonging to or endowed with sattva, good, pure, virtuous, serene
Derived from `sattva` with suffix `-ika`.
Note: Predicative adjective for `dānam`.
स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered (by scriptures/wise people) (remembered, considered, declared)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered, declared
Past Passive Participle
From root √smṛ (to remember).
Root: smṛ (class 1)
Note: Functions as a predicate verb (is considered).