भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-17, verse-18
सत्कारमानपूजार्थं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत् ।
क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम् ॥१८॥
क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम् ॥१८॥
18. satkāramānapūjārthaṁ tapo dambhena caiva yat ,
kriyate tadiha proktaṁ rājasaṁ calamadhruvam.
kriyate tadiha proktaṁ rājasaṁ calamadhruvam.
18.
satkāramānapūjārtham tapaḥ dambhena ca eva yat
kriyate tat iha proktam rājasam calam adhruvam
kriyate tat iha proktam rājasam calam adhruvam
18.
yat satkāramānapūjārtham dambhena ca eva kriyate,
tat tapaḥ iha rājasam calam adhruvam proktam
tat tapaḥ iha rājasam calam adhruvam proktam
18.
That austerity (tapas) which is performed here for the sake of honor, respect, and worship, and indeed with hypocrisy, is declared to be rajasic, fickle, and impermanent.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सत्कारमानपूजार्थम् (satkāramānapūjārtham) - for the sake of honor, respect, and worship
- तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline
- दम्भेन (dambhena) - by hypocrisy, with ostentation, with deceit
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
- यत् (yat) - that (austerity) which (which, that (neuter))
- क्रियते (kriyate) - is performed, is done, is made
- तत् (tat) - that (austerity) (that, it)
- इह (iha) - here (in this scripture/discussion) (here, in this world, in this context)
- प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, proclaimed
- राजसम् (rājasam) - rajasic, pertaining to rajas (passion/activity)
- चलम् (calam) - fickle, wavering, moving, unsteady
- अध्रुवम् (adhruvam) - impermanent, unsteady, not firm
Words meanings and morphology
सत्कारमानपूजार्थम् (satkāramānapūjārtham) - for the sake of honor, respect, and worship
(indeclinable)
Compound: satkāra (honor) + māna (respect) + pūjā (worship) + artha (purpose/sake), used adverbially.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (satkāra+māna+pūjā+artha)
- satkāra – honor, respect, hospitality
noun (masculine) - māna – respect, honor, pride, measure
noun (masculine) - pūjā – worship, adoration, reverence
noun (feminine) - artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
Note: Used as an adverbial compound.
तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat, suffering
Note: Subject of the sentence.
दम्भेन (dambhena) - by hypocrisy, with ostentation, with deceit
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of dambha
dambha - hypocrisy, ostentation, deceit, pride
Root: dambh (class 1)
Note: Manner of action.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: Connects `satkāramānapūjārtham` and `dambhena`.
एव (eva) - indeed, only, just
(indeclinable)
Emphatic particle.
यत् (yat) - that (austerity) which (which, that (neuter))
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, that
Relative pronoun.
क्रियते (kriyate) - is performed, is done, is made
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kṛ
Present Passive
From root √kṛ (to do, make).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Subject is `yat` (tapaḥ).
तत् (tat) - that (austerity) (that, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it, this
Demonstrative pronoun.
इह (iha) - here (in this scripture/discussion) (here, in this world, in this context)
(indeclinable)
Adverb.
प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - declared, said, proclaimed
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta
prokta - declared, said, proclaimed, told
Past Passive Participle
From prefix `pra` + root `√vac` (to speak, say).
Prefix: pra
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Qualifies `tat tapaḥ`.
राजसम् (rājasam) - rajasic, pertaining to rajas (passion/activity)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rājasa
rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, active, worldly
Derived from `rajas` with suffix `-a`.
Note: Predicative adjective for `tat tapaḥ`.
चलम् (calam) - fickle, wavering, moving, unsteady
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of cala
cala - moving, trembling, unsteady, fickle, transient
From root √cal (to move).
Root: cal (class 1)
Note: Qualifies `tapaḥ`.
अध्रुवम् (adhruvam) - impermanent, unsteady, not firm
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of adhruva
adhruva - not firm, unsteady, impermanent, transitory
Compound: a (not) + dhruva (firm, constant)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dhruva)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - dhruva – firm, constant, fixed, permanent
adjective
Note: Qualifies `tapaḥ`.