भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-17, verse-22
अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते ।
असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥२२॥
असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥२२॥
22. adeśakāle yaddānamapātrebhyaśca dīyate ,
asatkṛtamavajñātaṁ tattāmasamudāhṛtam.
asatkṛtamavajñātaṁ tattāmasamudāhṛtam.
22.
adeśakāle yat dānam apātrebhyaḥ ca dīyate
asatkṛtam avajñātam tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
asatkṛtam avajñātam tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
22.
yat dānam adeśakāle apātrebhyaḥ ca asatkṛtam avajñātam dīyate,
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
22.
That giving (dāna) which is offered at an improper place or time, and to unworthy recipients, without respect and with disdain, is declared to be of the nature of inertia (tāmasam).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अदेशकाले (adeśakāle) - at an improper place and time
- यत् (yat) - that which (that which, what)
- दानम् (dānam) - giving (dāna), donation (giving, gift, donation)
- अपात्रेभ्यः (apātrebhyaḥ) - to unworthy recipients (to unworthy persons, to undeserving recipients)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
- दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered
- असत्कृतम् (asatkṛtam) - without respect (without respect, disrespectfully, without honor)
- अवज्ञातम् (avajñātam) - with disdain, scornfully (disregarded, despised, scorned, treated with contempt)
- तत् (tat) - that (that, it)
- तामसम् (tāmasam) - of the nature of inertia (tāmasam) (relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, dull, born of inertia)
- उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - is declared, is spoken of (declared, stated, mentioned, illustrated)
Words meanings and morphology
अदेशकाले (adeśakāle) - at an improper place and time
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of adeśakāla
adeśakāla - improper place and time
Compound type : dvandva (a+deśa+kāla)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - deśa – place, country, region
noun (masculine) - kāla – time, period
noun (masculine)
Note: Locative case indicates 'at/in'.
यत् (yat) - that which (that which, what)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, whichever
Note: Qualifies 'dānam'.
दानम् (dānam) - giving (dāna), donation (giving, gift, donation)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna
dāna - giving, gift, donation, liberality
from root dā
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Subject of the relative clause.
अपात्रेभ्यः (apātrebhyaḥ) - to unworthy recipients (to unworthy persons, to undeserving recipients)
(adjective)
Dative, plural of apātra
apātra - unworthy, unfit, undeserving
from a (negation) + pātra (worthy recipient)
Compound type : nah-tatpurusha (a+pātra)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - pātra – worthy recipient, vessel, container
noun (neuter)
Note: Refers to persons, hence dative plural 'to them'.
च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'adeśakāle' and 'apātrebhyaḥ'.
दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of dā
Present Passive Indicative
Root dā (3rd class, reduplicated) in passive voice, 3rd person singular
Root: dā (class 3)
असत्कृतम् (asatkṛtam) - without respect (without respect, disrespectfully, without honor)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of asatkṛta
asatkṛta - not honored, disrespected
Past Passive Participle
from a (negation) + satkṛta (honored). Satkṛta from sat + root kṛ
Compound type : nah-tatpurusha (a+satkṛta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
negative prefix - satkṛta – honored, respected
adjective
Past Passive Participle
from sat (good, existing) + root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Qualifies 'dānam' implicitly. Adverbial usage 'disrespectfully'.
अवज्ञातम् (avajñātam) - with disdain, scornfully (disregarded, despised, scorned, treated with contempt)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of avajñāta
avajñāta - disregarded, despised, scorned, treated with contempt
Past Passive Participle
from root jñā with upasarga ava
Prefix: ava
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Qualifies 'dānam' implicitly. Adverbial usage 'scornfully'.
तत् (tat) - that (that, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Refers to 'dānam'.
तामसम् (tāmasam) - of the nature of inertia (tāmasam) (relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, dull, born of inertia)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tāmasa
tāmasa - relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, dull, born of inertia
from tamas (the guna of inertia/ignorance) with suffix -a
Note: Predicate adjective for 'dānam'.
उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - is declared, is spoken of (declared, stated, mentioned, illustrated)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of udāhṛta
udāhṛta - declared, stated, mentioned, illustrated
Past Passive Participle
from root hṛ with upasargas ud + ā
Prefixes: ud+ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'dānam'.