भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-17, verse-19
मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः ।
परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१९॥
परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१९॥
19. mūḍhagrāheṇātmano yatpīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ ,
parasyotsādanārthaṁ vā tattāmasamudāhṛtam.
parasyotsādanārthaṁ vā tattāmasamudāhṛtam.
19.
mūḍhagrāheṇa ātmanaḥ yat pīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ
parasya utsādanārtham vā tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
parasya utsādanārtham vā tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
19.
yat tapaḥ mūḍhagrāheṇa ātmanaḥ pīḍayā vā parasya utsādanārtham kriyate,
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
19.
That austerity (tapas) which is performed with foolish obstinacy, tormenting one's own self (ātman), or for the purpose of destroying others, is declared to be tamasic.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- मूढग्राहेण (mūḍhagrāheṇa) - by foolish obstinacy, by ignorant insistence
- आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of one's own self (ātman) (of the self, of one's own self, of the soul)
- यत् (yat) - that (austerity) which (which, that (neuter))
- पीडया (pīḍayā) - with torment (of the body/self) (by torment, with pain, by afflicting)
- क्रियते (kriyate) - is performed, is done, is made
- तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline
- परस्य (parasya) - of others (of another, of others)
- उत्सादनार्थम् (utsādanārtham) - for the purpose of destroying/harassing
- वा (vā) - or
- तत् (tat) - that (austerity) (that, it)
- तामसम् (tāmasam) - tamasic, pertaining to tamas (ignorance/darkness)
- उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - declared, spoken, said
Words meanings and morphology
मूढग्राहेण (mūḍhagrāheṇa) - by foolish obstinacy, by ignorant insistence
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of mūḍhagrāha
mūḍhagrāha - foolish obstinacy, ignorant insistence, perverse stubbornness
Compound: mūḍha (foolish, deluded) + grāha (grasp, insistence, obstinacy)
Compound type : karmadhāraya (mūḍha+grāha)
- mūḍha – foolish, deluded, bewildered
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From root √muh (to be bewildered)
Root: muh (class 4) - grāha – grasp, seizure, insistence, obstinacy
noun (masculine)
From root √grah (to seize, grasp)
Root: grah (class 9)
Note: Manner of performing austerity.
आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of one's own self (ātman) (of the self, of one's own self, of the soul)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman
ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, life, mind
Note: Refers to the self being tormented.
यत् (yat) - that (austerity) which (which, that (neuter))
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, that
Relative pronoun.
पीडया (pīḍayā) - with torment (of the body/self) (by torment, with pain, by afflicting)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of pīḍā
pīḍā - pain, suffering, torment, affliction, injury
From root √pīḍ (to oppress, torment).
Root: pīḍ (class 10)
Note: Manner of performing austerity.
क्रियते (kriyate) - is performed, is done, is made
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kṛ
Present Passive
From root √kṛ (to do, make).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Subject is `yat` (tapaḥ).
तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat, suffering
Note: Subject of the relative clause.
परस्य (parasya) - of others (of another, of others)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of para
para - other, another, supreme, hostile
Note: Refers to "others" whose destruction is intended.
उत्सादनार्थम् (utsādanārtham) - for the purpose of destroying/harassing
(indeclinable)
Compound: utsādana (destruction) + artha (purpose), used adverbially.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (utsādana+artha)
- utsādana – destruction, removal, harassment, ruin
noun (neuter)
Verbal noun
From prefix ut + root √sad (to sit, settle) in causative sense
Prefix: ut
Root: sad (class 1) - artha – purpose, object, meaning
noun (masculine)
Note: Expresses purpose.
वा (vā) - or
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
तत् (tat) - that (austerity) (that, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it, this
Demonstrative pronoun.
तामसम् (tāmasam) - tamasic, pertaining to tamas (ignorance/darkness)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tāmasa
tāmasa - relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, dull, inactive
Derived from `tamas` with suffix `-a`.
Note: Predicative adjective for `tat tapaḥ`.
उदाहृतम् (udāhṛtam) - declared, spoken, said
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of udāhṛta
udāhṛta - declared, spoken, said, stated, mentioned
Past Passive Participle
From prefix `ud` + `ā` + root `√hṛ` (to carry, offer). Here, to declare.
Prefixes: ud+ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies `tat tapaḥ`.