भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-17
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अर्जुन उवाच ।
ये शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः ।
तेषां निष्ठा तु का कृष्ण सत्त्वमाहो रजस्तमः ॥१॥
ये शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य यजन्ते श्रद्धयान्विताः ।
तेषां निष्ठा तु का कृष्ण सत्त्वमाहो रजस्तमः ॥१॥
1. arjuna uvāca ,
ye śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ ,
teṣāṁ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvamāho rajastamaḥ.
ye śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ ,
teṣāṁ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvamāho rajastamaḥ.
1.
arjuna uvāca | ye śāstravidhim utsṛjya yajante śraddhayā
anvitāḥ | teṣām niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āho rajaḥ tamaḥ
anvitāḥ | teṣām niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āho rajaḥ tamaḥ
1.
arjuna uvāca he kṛṣṇa ye śāstravidhim
utsṛjya śraddhayā anvitāḥ yajante
teṣām niṣṭhā tu kā [bhavati]?
sattvam āho rajaḥ [āho] tamaḥ [iti]?
utsṛjya śraddhayā anvitāḥ yajante
teṣām niṣṭhā tu kā [bhavati]?
sattvam āho rajaḥ [āho] tamaḥ [iti]?
1.
Arjuna said: O Krishna, for those who disregard the injunctions of the scriptures, yet worship with faith (śraddhā), what is their condition? Is it of goodness (sattva), or passion (rajas), or ignorance (tamas)?
श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा ।
सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ॥२॥
त्रिविधा भवति श्रद्धा देहिनां सा स्वभावजा ।
सात्त्विकी राजसी चैव तामसी चेति तां शृणु ॥२॥
2. śrībhagavānuvāca ,
trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṁ sā svabhāvajā ,
sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṁ śṛṇu.
trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṁ sā svabhāvajā ,
sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṁ śṛṇu.
2.
śrībhagavān uvāca | trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehinām sā
svabhāvajā | sāttvikī rājasī ca eva tāmasī ca iti tām śṛṇu
svabhāvajā | sāttvikī rājasī ca eva tāmasī ca iti tām śṛṇu
2.
śrībhagavān uvāca dehinām sā svabhāvajā śraddhā trividhā
bhavati sāttvikī rājasī ca eva tāmasī ca iti tām śṛṇu
bhavati sāttvikī rājasī ca eva tāmasī ca iti tām śṛṇu
2.
The Blessed Lord said: The faith (śraddhā) of embodied beings (dehin) is of three kinds, originating from their intrinsic nature (svabhāva): it is sattvic (of goodness), rajasic (of passion), and tamasic (of ignorance). Hear about them.
सत्त्वानुरूपा सर्वस्य श्रद्धा भवति भारत ।
श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः ॥३॥
श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः ॥३॥
3. sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata ,
śraddhāmayo'yaṁ puruṣo yo yacchraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ.
śraddhāmayo'yaṁ puruṣo yo yacchraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ.
3.
sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata |
śraddhāmayaḥ ayam puruṣaḥ yaḥ yat śraddhaḥ saḥ eva saḥ
śraddhāmayaḥ ayam puruṣaḥ yaḥ yat śraddhaḥ saḥ eva saḥ
3.
he bhārata sarvasya śraddhā sattvānurūpā bhavati ayam puruṣaḥ śraddhāmayaḥ [asti] yaḥ yat śraddhaḥ saḥ eva saḥ [bhavati].
3.
O Bhārata (Arjuna), the faith (śraddhā) of every person (sarva) is in accordance with their individual being (sattva). This person (puruṣa) is full of faith; indeed, whatever their faith, that truly is what they are.
यजन्ते सात्त्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः ।
प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ॥४॥
प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ॥४॥
4. yajante sāttvikā devānyakṣarakṣāṁsi rājasāḥ ,
pretānbhūtagaṇāṁścānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ.
pretānbhūtagaṇāṁścānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ.
4.
yajante sāttvikāḥ devān yakṣarakṣāṃsi rājasāḥ |
pretān bhūtaganān ca anye yajante tāmasāḥ janāḥ
pretān bhūtaganān ca anye yajante tāmasāḥ janāḥ
4.
sāttvikāḥ devān yajante rājasāḥ yakṣarakṣāṃsi [yajante] ca anye tāmasāḥ janāḥ pretān bhūtaganān ca yajante.
4.
Those of goodness (sattvika) worship the gods (deva); those of passion (rajasa) worship yakshas and rakshasas. Other people, those of ignorance (tamasa), worship ghosts (preta) and hordes of spirits (bhūtagana).
अशास्त्रविहितं घोरं तप्यन्ते ये तपो जनाः ।
दम्भाहंकारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः ॥५॥
दम्भाहंकारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः ॥५॥
5. aśāstravihitaṁ ghoraṁ tapyante ye tapo janāḥ ,
dambhāhaṁkārasaṁyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ.
dambhāhaṁkārasaṁyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ.
5.
aśāstravihitam ghoram tapyante ye tapaḥ janāḥ
| dambhāhaṃkārasaṃyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ
| dambhāhaṃkārasaṃyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ
5.
ye janāḥ aśāstravihitam ghoram tapaḥ tapyante
dambhāhaṃkārasaṃyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ
dambhāhaṃkārasaṃyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ
5.
Those persons who undertake severe asceticism (tapas) not enjoined by the scriptures, being full of hypocrisy and ego (ahaṅkāra), and driven by desire, attachment, and force...
कर्शयन्तः शरीरस्थं भूतग्राममचेतसः ।
मां चैवान्तःशरीरस्थं तान्विद्ध्यासुरनिश्चयान् ॥६॥
मां चैवान्तःशरीरस्थं तान्विद्ध्यासुरनिश्चयान् ॥६॥
6. karśayantaḥ śarīrasthaṁ bhūtagrāmamacetasaḥ ,
māṁ caivāntaḥśarīrasthaṁ tānviddhyāsuraniścayān.
māṁ caivāntaḥśarīrasthaṁ tānviddhyāsuraniścayān.
6.
karśayantaḥ śarīrastham bhūtagrāmam acetasaḥ | mām
ca eva antaḥśarīrastham tān viddhi āsura-niścayān
ca eva antaḥśarīrastham tān viddhi āsura-niścayān
6.
acetasaḥ śarīrastham bhūtagrāmam karśayantaḥ ca eva
antaḥśarīrastham mām (api) karśayantaḥ tān āsura-niścayān viddhi
antaḥśarīrastham mām (api) karśayantaḥ tān āsura-niścayān viddhi
6.
Those senseless ones, emaciating the aggregate of elements abiding in the body, and also Me who resides within the body, know them to be of demoniac resolve.
आहारस्त्वपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधो भवति प्रियः ।
यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं शृणु ॥७॥
यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं शृणु ॥७॥
7. āhārastvapi sarvasya trividho bhavati priyaḥ ,
yajñastapastathā dānaṁ teṣāṁ bhedamimaṁ śṛṇu.
yajñastapastathā dānaṁ teṣāṁ bhedamimaṁ śṛṇu.
7.
āhāraḥ tu api sarvasya trividhaḥ bhavati priyaḥ
| yajñaḥ tapaḥ tathā dānam teṣām bhedam imam śṛṇu
| yajñaḥ tapaḥ tathā dānam teṣām bhedam imam śṛṇu
7.
tu api sarvasya āhāraḥ trividhaḥ priyaḥ bhavati
yajñaḥ tapaḥ tathā dānam teṣām imam bhedam śṛṇu
yajñaḥ tapaḥ tathā dānam teṣām imam bhedam śṛṇu
7.
Moreover, for everyone, food is also of three kinds, each preferred. Similarly, sacrifice (yajña), asceticism (tapas), and charity (dāna) also vary in three ways. Hear now this distinction concerning them.
आयुःसत्त्वबलारोग्यसुखप्रीतिविवर्धनाः ।
रस्याः स्निग्धाः स्थिरा हृद्या आहाराः सात्त्विकप्रियाः ॥८॥
रस्याः स्निग्धाः स्थिरा हृद्या आहाराः सात्त्विकप्रियाः ॥८॥
8. āyuḥsattvabalārogyasukhaprītivivardhanāḥ ,
rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hṛdyā āhārāḥ sāttvikapriyāḥ.
rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hṛdyā āhārāḥ sāttvikapriyāḥ.
8.
āyuḥsattvabala-ārogyasukha-prīti-vivardhanāḥ | rasyāḥ
snigdhāḥ sthirāḥ hṛdyāḥ āhārāḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ
snigdhāḥ sthirāḥ hṛdyāḥ āhārāḥ sāttvika-priyāḥ
8.
sāttvika-priyāḥ āhārāḥ āyuḥsattvabala-ārogyasukha-prīti-vivardhanāḥ
rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirāḥ hṛdyāḥ (bhavanti)
rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirāḥ hṛdyāḥ (bhavanti)
8.
Foods preferred by those of a pure (sāttvika) nature increase longevity, inner purity (sattva), strength, health, happiness, and delight. They are juicy, oleaginous, substantial, and agreeable to the heart.
कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः ।
आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥९॥
आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥९॥
9. kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ ,
āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ.
āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ.
9.
kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ
āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ
āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ
9.
kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ
duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ
duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ
9.
Foods that are pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and cause a burning sensation are desired by those in the mode of passion (rajas), and they produce pain, grief, and disease.
यातयामं गतरसं पूति पर्युषितं च यत् ।
उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम् ॥१०॥
उच्छिष्टमपि चामेध्यं भोजनं तामसप्रियम् ॥१०॥
10. yātayāmaṁ gatarasaṁ pūti paryuṣitaṁ ca yat ,
ucchiṣṭamapi cāmedhyaṁ bhojanaṁ tāmasapriyam.
ucchiṣṭamapi cāmedhyaṁ bhojanaṁ tāmasapriyam.
10.
yātayāmam gatarasam pūti paryuṣitam ca yat
ucchiṣṭam api ca amedhyam bhojanam tāmasapriyam
ucchiṣṭam api ca amedhyam bhojanam tāmasapriyam
10.
yat yātayāmam gatarasam pūti ca paryuṣitam api ca ucchiṣṭam amedhyam bhojanam,
tat tāmasapriyam
tat tāmasapriyam
10.
Whatever food is stale, tasteless, putrid, rotten, left over from the previous day, as well as the remnants of others, and impure—such food is dear to those in the mode of ignorance (tamas).
अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्यज्ञो विधिदृष्टो य इज्यते ।
यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्त्विकः ॥११॥
यष्टव्यमेवेति मनः समाधाय स सात्त्विकः ॥११॥
11. aphalākāṅkṣibhiryajño vidhidṛṣṭo ya ijyate ,
yaṣṭavyameveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ.
yaṣṭavyameveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ.
11.
aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ yajñaḥ vidhidṛṣṭaḥ yaḥ ijyate
yaṣṭavyam eva iti manaḥ samādhāya saḥ sāttvikaḥ
yaṣṭavyam eva iti manaḥ samādhāya saḥ sāttvikaḥ
11.
yaḥ yajñaḥ aphālakaṅkṣibhiḥ vidhidṛṣṭaḥ ijyate,
yaṣṭavyam eva iti manaḥ samādhāya,
saḥ sāttvikaḥ
yaṣṭavyam eva iti manaḥ samādhāya,
saḥ sāttvikaḥ
11.
That ritual performance (yajña) which is offered by those who do not desire its fruits, and which is prescribed by scripture, by fixing their mind with the thought 'It is certainly to be performed as a duty'—that (yajña) is considered to be in the mode of goodness (sattva).
अभिसंधाय तु फलं दम्भार्थमपि चैव यत् ।
इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञं विद्धि राजसम् ॥१२॥
इज्यते भरतश्रेष्ठ तं यज्ञं विद्धि राजसम् ॥१२॥
12. abhisaṁdhāya tu phalaṁ dambhārthamapi caiva yat ,
ijyate bharataśreṣṭha taṁ yajñaṁ viddhi rājasam.
ijyate bharataśreṣṭha taṁ yajñaṁ viddhi rājasam.
12.
abhisaṃdhāya tu phalam dambhārtham api ca eva yat
ijyate bharataśreṣṭha tam yajñam viddhi rājasam
ijyate bharataśreṣṭha tam yajñam viddhi rājasam
12.
bharataśreṣṭha! tu phalam abhisamdhāya,
api ca eva dambhārtham yat ijyate,
tam yajñam rājasam viddhi
api ca eva dambhārtham yat ijyate,
tam yajñam rājasam viddhi
12.
But, O best among the Bharatas (bharataśreṣṭha), know that ritual performance (yajña) which is offered with the intention of achieving fruits, and even for the sake of ostentation, to be in the mode of passion (rajas).
विधिहीनमसृष्टान्नं मन्त्रहीनमदक्षिणम् ।
श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते ॥१३॥
श्रद्धाविरहितं यज्ञं तामसं परिचक्षते ॥१३॥
13. vidhihīnamasṛṣṭānnaṁ mantrahīnamadakṣiṇam ,
śraddhāvirahitaṁ yajñaṁ tāmasaṁ paricakṣate.
śraddhāvirahitaṁ yajñaṁ tāmasaṁ paricakṣate.
13.
vidhihīnam asṛṣṭānnam mantrahīnam adakṣiṇam
śraddhāvirahitam yajñam tāmasam paricakṣate
śraddhāvirahitam yajñam tāmasam paricakṣate
13.
vidhihīnam asṛṣṭānnam mantrahīnam adakṣiṇam
śraddhāvirahitam yajñam tāmasam paricakṣate
śraddhāvirahitam yajñam tāmasam paricakṣate
13.
A sacrifice (yajña) is declared to be of the nature of ignorance (tāmasa) when it is performed without proper procedure, without offering food, without sacred recitations (mantra), without sacrificial gifts, and without faith (śraddhā).
देवद्विजगुरुप्राज्ञपूजनं शौचमार्जवम् ।
ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते ॥१४॥
ब्रह्मचर्यमहिंसा च शारीरं तप उच्यते ॥१४॥
14. devadvijaguruprājñapūjanaṁ śaucamārjavam ,
brahmacaryamahiṁsā ca śārīraṁ tapa ucyate.
brahmacaryamahiṁsā ca śārīraṁ tapa ucyate.
14.
devadvijaguruprājñapūjanam śaucam ārjavam
brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śārīram tapaḥ ucyate
brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śārīram tapaḥ ucyate
14.
devadvijaguruprājñapūjanam śaucam ārjavam
brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śārīram tapaḥ ucyate
brahmacaryam ahiṃsā ca śārīram tapaḥ ucyate
14.
Honoring deities, twice-born individuals (dvija), spiritual teachers (guru), and the wise; along with purity, straightforwardness, continence (brahmacarya), and non-violence (ahiṃsā)—this is declared to be physical austerity (tapas).
अनुद्वेगकरं वाक्यं सत्यं प्रियहितं च यत् ।
स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं चैव वाङ्मयं तप उच्यते ॥१५॥
स्वाध्यायाभ्यसनं चैव वाङ्मयं तप उच्यते ॥१५॥
15. anudvegakaraṁ vākyaṁ satyaṁ priyahitaṁ ca yat ,
svādhyāyābhyasanaṁ caiva vāṅmayaṁ tapa ucyate.
svādhyāyābhyasanaṁ caiva vāṅmayaṁ tapa ucyate.
15.
anudvegakaram vākyam satyam priyahitam ca yat
svādhyāyābhyasanam ca eva vāṅmayam tapaḥ ucyate
svādhyāyābhyasanam ca eva vāṅmayam tapaḥ ucyate
15.
yat anudvegakaram satyam priyahitam ca vākyam
svādhyāyābhyasanam ca eva vāṅmayam tapaḥ ucyate
svādhyāyābhyasanam ca eva vāṅmayam tapaḥ ucyate
15.
Speech (vākya) that is truthful, agreeable, beneficial, and does not cause agitation, along with the regular study and practice of scriptures (svādhyāya), is declared to be verbal austerity (tapas).
मनःप्रसादः सौम्यत्वं मौनमात्मविनिग्रहः ।
भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते ॥१६॥
भावसंशुद्धिरित्येतत्तपो मानसमुच्यते ॥१६॥
16. manaḥprasādaḥ saumyatvaṁ maunamātmavinigrahaḥ ,
bhāvasaṁśuddhirityetattapo mānasamucyate.
bhāvasaṁśuddhirityetattapo mānasamucyate.
16.
manaḥprasādaḥ saumyatvam maunam ātmavinigrahaḥ
bhāvasaṃśuddhiḥ iti etat tapaḥ mānasam ucyate
bhāvasaṃśuddhiḥ iti etat tapaḥ mānasam ucyate
16.
manaḥprasādaḥ saumyatvam maunam ātmavinigrahaḥ
bhāvasaṃśuddhiḥ iti etat mānasam tapaḥ ucyate
bhāvasaṃśuddhiḥ iti etat mānasam tapaḥ ucyate
16.
Serenity of mind, gentleness, silence, self-control (ātman-vinigraha), and purity of disposition—this is declared to be mental austerity (tapas).
श्रद्धया परया तप्तं तपस्तत्त्रिविधं नरैः ।
अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्युक्तैः सात्त्विकं परिचक्षते ॥१७॥
अफलाकाङ्क्षिभिर्युक्तैः सात्त्विकं परिचक्षते ॥१७॥
17. śraddhayā parayā taptaṁ tapastattrividhaṁ naraiḥ ,
aphalākāṅkṣibhiryuktaiḥ sāttvikaṁ paricakṣate.
aphalākāṅkṣibhiryuktaiḥ sāttvikaṁ paricakṣate.
17.
śraddhayā parayā taptam tapaḥ tat trividham naraiḥ
aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ yuktaiḥ sāttvikam paricakṣate
aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ yuktaiḥ sāttvikam paricakṣate
17.
parayā śraddhayā aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ yuktaiḥ naraiḥ
tat trividham tapaḥ taptam sāttvikam paricakṣate
tat trividham tapaḥ taptam sāttvikam paricakṣate
17.
That threefold austerity (tapas) which is performed by people with supreme faith (śraddhā) and who are unattached to the fruits of their actions, is declared to be sattvic.
सत्कारमानपूजार्थं तपो दम्भेन चैव यत् ।
क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम् ॥१८॥
क्रियते तदिह प्रोक्तं राजसं चलमध्रुवम् ॥१८॥
18. satkāramānapūjārthaṁ tapo dambhena caiva yat ,
kriyate tadiha proktaṁ rājasaṁ calamadhruvam.
kriyate tadiha proktaṁ rājasaṁ calamadhruvam.
18.
satkāramānapūjārtham tapaḥ dambhena ca eva yat
kriyate tat iha proktam rājasam calam adhruvam
kriyate tat iha proktam rājasam calam adhruvam
18.
yat satkāramānapūjārtham dambhena ca eva kriyate,
tat tapaḥ iha rājasam calam adhruvam proktam
tat tapaḥ iha rājasam calam adhruvam proktam
18.
That austerity (tapas) which is performed here for the sake of honor, respect, and worship, and indeed with hypocrisy, is declared to be rajasic, fickle, and impermanent.
मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः ।
परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१९॥
परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥१९॥
19. mūḍhagrāheṇātmano yatpīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ ,
parasyotsādanārthaṁ vā tattāmasamudāhṛtam.
parasyotsādanārthaṁ vā tattāmasamudāhṛtam.
19.
mūḍhagrāheṇa ātmanaḥ yat pīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ
parasya utsādanārtham vā tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
parasya utsādanārtham vā tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
19.
yat tapaḥ mūḍhagrāheṇa ātmanaḥ pīḍayā vā parasya utsādanārtham kriyate,
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
19.
That austerity (tapas) which is performed with foolish obstinacy, tormenting one's own self (ātman), or for the purpose of destroying others, is declared to be tamasic.
दातव्यमिति यद्दानं दीयतेऽनुपकारिणे ।
देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ॥२०॥
देशे काले च पात्रे च तद्दानं सात्त्विकं स्मृतम् ॥२०॥
20. dātavyamiti yaddānaṁ dīyate'nupakāriṇe ,
deśe kāle ca pātre ca taddānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam.
deśe kāle ca pātre ca taddānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam.
20.
dātavyam iti yat dānam dīyate anupakāriṇe deśe
kāle ca pātre ca tat dānam sāttvikam smṛtam
kāle ca pātre ca tat dānam sāttvikam smṛtam
20.
yat dānam dātavyam iti anupakāriṇe deśe kāle ca pātre ca dīyate,
tat dānam sāttvikam smṛtam
tat dānam sāttvikam smṛtam
20.
That charity (dāna) which is given with the thought, "It is to be given," to a person unable to return the favor, and is given at a proper place and time, and to a worthy recipient, is considered sattvic.
यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः ।
दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥२१॥
दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥२१॥
21. yattu pratyupakārārthaṁ phalamuddiśya vā punaḥ ,
dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṁ taddānaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam.
dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṁ taddānaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam.
21.
yat tu pratyupakārārtham phalam uddiśya vā punaḥ
dīyate ca parikliṣṭam tat dānam rājasam smṛtam
dīyate ca parikliṣṭam tat dānam rājasam smṛtam
21.
yat tu pratyupakārārtham vā punaḥ phalam uddiśya ca parikliṣṭam dīyate,
tat dānam rājasam smṛtam
tat dānam rājasam smṛtam
21.
But that giving (dāna) which is offered begrudgingly, or with the intention of receiving something in return, or with an eye towards its results, is considered to be of the nature of passion (rājasam).
अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते ।
असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥२२॥
असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥२२॥
22. adeśakāle yaddānamapātrebhyaśca dīyate ,
asatkṛtamavajñātaṁ tattāmasamudāhṛtam.
asatkṛtamavajñātaṁ tattāmasamudāhṛtam.
22.
adeśakāle yat dānam apātrebhyaḥ ca dīyate
asatkṛtam avajñātam tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
asatkṛtam avajñātam tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
22.
yat dānam adeśakāle apātrebhyaḥ ca asatkṛtam avajñātam dīyate,
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
22.
That giving (dāna) which is offered at an improper place or time, and to unworthy recipients, without respect and with disdain, is declared to be of the nature of inertia (tāmasam).
ओं तत्सदिति निर्देशो ब्रह्मणस्त्रिविधः स्मृतः ।
ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा ॥२३॥
ब्राह्मणास्तेन वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च विहिताः पुरा ॥२३॥
23. oṁ tatsaditi nirdeśo brahmaṇastrividhaḥ smṛtaḥ ,
brāhmaṇāstena vedāśca yajñāśca vihitāḥ purā.
brāhmaṇāstena vedāśca yajñāśca vihitāḥ purā.
23.
om tat sat iti nirdeśaḥ brahmaṇaḥ trividhaḥ smṛtaḥ
brāhmaṇāḥ tena vedāḥ ca yajñāḥ ca vihitāḥ purā
brāhmaṇāḥ tena vedāḥ ca yajñāḥ ca vihitāḥ purā
23.
om tat sat iti brahmaṇaḥ trividhaḥ nirdeśaḥ smṛtaḥ.
tena brāhmaṇāḥ vedāḥ ca yajñāḥ ca purā vihitāḥ
tena brāhmaṇāḥ vedāḥ ca yajñāḥ ca purā vihitāḥ
23.
The designation "Om Tat Sat" is traditionally understood as the threefold name of the ultimate reality (brahman). By these three utterances, the Brahmins, the Vedic scriptures, and the sacrificial rites (yajña) were created in ancient times.
तस्मादोमित्युदाहृत्य यज्ञदानतपःक्रियाः ।
प्रवर्तन्ते विधानोक्ताः सततं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥२४॥
प्रवर्तन्ते विधानोक्ताः सततं ब्रह्मवादिनाम् ॥२४॥
24. tasmādomityudāhṛtya yajñadānatapaḥkriyāḥ ,
pravartante vidhānoktāḥ satataṁ brahmavādinām.
pravartante vidhānoktāḥ satataṁ brahmavādinām.
24.
tasmāt om iti udāhṛtya yajñadānatapaḥkriyāḥ
pravartante vidhānauktāḥ satatam brahmavādinām
pravartante vidhānauktāḥ satatam brahmavādinām
24.
tasmāt,
brahmavādinām,
om iti udāhṛtya,
vidhānauktāḥ yajñadānatapaḥkriyāḥ satatam pravartante
brahmavādinām,
om iti udāhṛtya,
vidhānauktāḥ yajñadānatapaḥkriyāḥ satatam pravartante
24.
Therefore, having pronounced "Om", the actions of sacrifice (yajña), giving (dāna), and austerity (tapas), which are prescribed by sacred texts, are always commenced by those who are conversant with the ultimate reality (brahman).
तदित्यनभिसंधाय फलं यज्ञतपःक्रियाः ।
दानक्रियाश्च विविधाः क्रियन्ते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः ॥२५॥
दानक्रियाश्च विविधाः क्रियन्ते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः ॥२५॥
25. tadityanabhisaṁdhāya phalaṁ yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ ,
dānakriyāśca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ.
dānakriyāśca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ.
25.
tat iti anabhisaṃdhāya phalam yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ
dānakriyāḥ ca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ
dānakriyāḥ ca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ
25.
mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ tat iti phalam anabhisaṃdhāya
yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ ca vividhāḥ dānakriyāḥ kriyante
yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ ca vividhāḥ dānakriyāḥ kriyante
25.
Thus, without desiring the fruit of actions, various acts of sacrifice (yajña), austerity (tapas), and charity (dāna) are performed by those who desire liberation (mokṣa).
सद्भावे साधुभावे च सदित्येतत्प्रयुज्यते ।
प्रशस्ते कर्मणि तथा सच्छब्दः पार्थ युज्यते ॥२६॥
प्रशस्ते कर्मणि तथा सच्छब्दः पार्थ युज्यते ॥२६॥
26. sadbhāve sādhubhāve ca sadityetatprayujyate ,
praśaste karmaṇi tathā sacchabdaḥ pārtha yujyate.
praśaste karmaṇi tathā sacchabdaḥ pārtha yujyate.
26.
sat bhāve sādhu bhāve ca sat iti etat prayujyate
praśaste karmaṇi tathā sat śabdaḥ pārtha yujyate
praśaste karmaṇi tathā sat śabdaḥ pārtha yujyate
26.
pārtha sat iti etat sat bhāve sādhu bhāve ca
prayujyate tathā praśaste karmaṇi sat śabdaḥ yujyate
prayujyate tathā praśaste karmaṇi sat śabdaḥ yujyate
26.
The word 'sat' is employed in the sense of existence and goodness. Similarly, O Pārtha, the word 'sat' is applied to an excellent action (karma).
यज्ञे तपसि दाने च स्थितिः सदिति चोच्यते ।
कर्म चैव तदर्थीयं सदित्येवाभिधीयते ॥२७॥
कर्म चैव तदर्थीयं सदित्येवाभिधीयते ॥२७॥
27. yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ saditi cocyate ,
karma caiva tadarthīyaṁ sadityevābhidhīyate.
karma caiva tadarthīyaṁ sadityevābhidhīyate.
27.
yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ sat iti ca ucyate
karma ca eva tat arthīyam sat iti eva abhidhīyate
karma ca eva tat arthīyam sat iti eva abhidhīyate
27.
yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ sat iti ca ucyate ca
eva tat arthīyam karma sat iti eva abhidhīyate
eva tat arthīyam karma sat iti eva abhidhīyate
27.
Steadfastness in sacrifice (yajña), austerity (tapas), and charity (dāna) is also declared as 'sat'. And indeed, any action (karma) performed for the sake of that (the Absolute Truth) is also designated as 'sat'.
अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत् ।
असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह ॥२८॥
असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह ॥२८॥
28. aśraddhayā hutaṁ dattaṁ tapastaptaṁ kṛtaṁ ca yat ,
asadityucyate pārtha na ca tatpretya no iha.
asadityucyate pārtha na ca tatpretya no iha.
28.
aśraddhayā hutam dattam tapastaptam kṛtam ca yat
asat iti ucyate pārtha na ca tat pretya na u iha
asat iti ucyate pārtha na ca tat pretya na u iha
28.
pārtha yat aśraddhayā hutam dattam tapastaptam ca
kṛtam tat asat iti ucyate ca tat na pretya u na iha
kṛtam tat asat iti ucyate ca tat na pretya u na iha
28.
Whatever is offered, given (as charity), or any austerity (tapas) practiced or action (karma) performed without faith (śraddhā), O Pārtha, is called 'asat'. It yields no benefit either after death or in this world.