भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-17, verse-25
तदित्यनभिसंधाय फलं यज्ञतपःक्रियाः ।
दानक्रियाश्च विविधाः क्रियन्ते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः ॥२५॥
दानक्रियाश्च विविधाः क्रियन्ते मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः ॥२५॥
25. tadityanabhisaṁdhāya phalaṁ yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ ,
dānakriyāśca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ.
dānakriyāśca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ.
25.
tat iti anabhisaṃdhāya phalam yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ
dānakriyāḥ ca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ
dānakriyāḥ ca vividhāḥ kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ
25.
mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ tat iti phalam anabhisaṃdhāya
yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ ca vividhāḥ dānakriyāḥ kriyante
yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ ca vividhāḥ dānakriyāḥ kriyante
25.
Thus, without desiring the fruit of actions, various acts of sacrifice (yajña), austerity (tapas), and charity (dāna) are performed by those who desire liberation (mokṣa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तत् (tat) - The sacred syllable 'Tat' (referring to Brahman), understood as the Absolute Truth (that, thus, indicating the Absolute Truth)
- इति (iti) - introducing the concept of 'tat' (thus, so, denoting quotation or purpose)
- अनभिसंधाय (anabhisaṁdhāya) - without desiring the fruits/results (of actions) (without aiming for, without desiring, having renounced)
- फलम् (phalam) - the results or outcomes of actions (fruit, result, consequence)
- यज्ञतपःक्रियाः (yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ) - ritualistic actions (yajña) and austere practices (tapas) (actions of sacrifice and austerity)
- दानक्रियाः (dānakriyāḥ) - various actions related to giving and charity (acts of charity, actions of giving)
- च (ca) - connecting the types of actions (and, also)
- विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various types of actions (dānakriyāḥ) (various, manifold, diverse)
- क्रियन्ते (kriyante) - the mentioned actions are performed (are performed, are done)
- मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः (mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ) - by spiritual aspirants seeking ultimate release (mokṣa) (by those desiring liberation)
Words meanings and morphology
तत् (tat) - The sacred syllable 'Tat' (referring to Brahman), understood as the Absolute Truth (that, thus, indicating the Absolute Truth)
(indeclinable)
इति (iti) - introducing the concept of 'tat' (thus, so, denoting quotation or purpose)
(indeclinable)
अनभिसंधाय (anabhisaṁdhāya) - without desiring the fruits/results (of actions) (without aiming for, without desiring, having renounced)
(indeclinable)
absolutive (gerund)
Formed from negation prefix `an-` + verb root `dhā` (to place, hold) with prefixes `abhi` and `sam`, plus absolutive suffix `ya`.
Prefixes: an+abhi+sam
Root: dhā (class 3)
फलम् (phalam) - the results or outcomes of actions (fruit, result, consequence)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of phala
phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward
यज्ञतपःक्रियाः (yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ) - ritualistic actions (yajña) and austere practices (tapas) (actions of sacrifice and austerity)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of yajñatapaḥkriyā
yajñatapaḥkriyā - actions of sacrifice (yajña) and austerity (tapas)
A compound noun formed from `yajña` (sacrifice), `tapas` (austerity), and `kriyā` (action).
Compound type : dvandva/tatpurusha (yajña+tapas+kriyā)
- yajña – sacrifice, ritual, worship
noun (masculine)
From root `yaj` (to sacrifice, worship).
Root: yaj (class 1) - tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual discipline
noun (neuter)
From root `tap` (to heat, practice austerity).
Root: tap (class 4) - kriyā – action, performance, rite
noun (feminine)
From root `kṛ` (to do, make) + suffix `yā`.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
दानक्रियाः (dānakriyāḥ) - various actions related to giving and charity (acts of charity, actions of giving)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of dānakriyā
dānakriyā - acts of charity (dāna), actions of giving
A compound noun formed from `dāna` (charity, giving) and `kriyā` (action).
Compound type : tatpurusha (dāna+kriyā)
- dāna – gift, charity, giving
noun (neuter)
From root `dā` (to give) + suffix `ana`.
Root: dā (class 3) - kriyā – action, performance, rite
noun (feminine)
From root `kṛ` (to do, make) + suffix `yā`.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
च (ca) - connecting the types of actions (and, also)
(indeclinable)
विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various types of actions (dānakriyāḥ) (various, manifold, diverse)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of vividha
vividha - various, manifold, diverse, of many kinds
From `vi` (prefix) + `vidha` (kind, sort).
Note: Agrees with `dānakriyāḥ`.
क्रियन्ते (kriyante) - the mentioned actions are performed (are performed, are done)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of kṛ
Present Middle Passive
`kṛ` (8th class root) + passive marker `ya` + 3rd person plural middle ending `ante`.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः (mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ) - by spiritual aspirants seeking ultimate release (mokṣa) (by those desiring liberation)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of mokṣakāṅkṣin
mokṣakāṅkṣin - one who desires liberation (mokṣa), an aspirant for salvation
Compound of `mokṣa` (liberation) and `ākāṅkṣin` (desiring).
Compound type : tatpurusha (mokṣa+ākāṅkṣin)
- mokṣa – liberation, emancipation, freedom from saṃsāra
noun (masculine)
From root `muc` (to free, release) + suffix `sa`.
Root: muc (class 6) - ākāṅkṣin – desiring, wishing for, longing
adjective (masculine)
agent noun/adjective
From `ā` (prefix) + root `kāṅkṣ` (to desire) + suffix `in`.
Prefix: ā
Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)