भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-17, verse-9
कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः ।
आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥९॥
आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥९॥
9. kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ ,
āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ.
āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ.
9.
kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ
āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ
āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ
9.
kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ
duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ
duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ
9.
Foods that are pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and cause a burning sensation are desired by those in the mode of passion (rajas), and they produce pain, grief, and disease.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः (kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ) - describing foods that are pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and cause a burning sensation (pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and causing a burning sensation)
- आहाराः (āhārāḥ) - foods, diets
- राजसस्य (rājasasya) - of a person exhibiting the quality of passion (rajas) (of the passionate one, of a person in the mode of passion)
- इष्टाः (iṣṭāḥ) - liked, desired, agreeable
- दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः (duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ) - causing pain, grief, and disease
Words meanings and morphology
कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः (kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ) - describing foods that are pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and cause a burning sensation (pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and causing a burning sensation)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhin
kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhin - characterized by being pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and causing burning sensation
Compound type : Karmadhāraya (kaṭu+amla+lavaṇa+ati+uṣṇa+tīkṣṇa+rūkṣa+vidāhin)
- kaṭu – pungent, sharp, acrid
adjective - amla – sour, acidic
adjective - lavaṇa – salty
adjective - ati – excessively, extremely, over
indeclinable - uṣṇa – hot, warm
adjective
Root: uṣ (class 1) - tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, pungent, severe
adjective - rūkṣa – dry, harsh, rough, unctuous
adjective - vidāhin – burning, causing internal burning, caustic
adjective (masculine)
Agent Noun/Adjective (suffix -in)
Derived from prefix 'vi' + root 'dah' (to burn)
Prefix: vi
Root: dah (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'āhārāḥ' (foods).
आहाराः (āhārāḥ) - foods, diets
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of āhāra
āhāra - food, diet, nourishment, taking in
Derived from prefix 'ā' + root 'hṛ' (to take, to collect)
Prefix: ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
राजसस्य (rājasasya) - of a person exhibiting the quality of passion (rajas) (of the passionate one, of a person in the mode of passion)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of rājasa
rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, belonging to the quality of passion
Derived from 'rajas' (passion) + 'aṇ' (suffix for 'relating to')
Note: Used substantively here, referring to a person whose nature is rajasic.
इष्टाः (iṣṭāḥ) - liked, desired, agreeable
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of iṣṭa
iṣṭa - desired, wished for, liked, agreeable, worshipped, sacrificed
Past Passive Participle
From root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire)
Root: iṣ (class 4)
Note: Qualifies 'āhārāḥ'.
दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः (duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ) - causing pain, grief, and disease
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhaśokāmayaprada
duḥkhaśokāmayaprada - giving pain, grief, and disease; causing misery, sorrow, and illness
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śoka+āmaya+prada)
- duḥkha – pain, suffering, misery, sorrow
noun (neuter) - śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
noun (masculine)
Root: śuc (class 1) - āmaya – sickness, disease, illness
noun (masculine)
Root: am (class 1) - prada – giving, bestowing, causing
adjective
Agent Noun
Derived from prefix 'pra' + root 'dā' (to give)
Prefix: pra
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Qualifies 'āhārāḥ'.