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भगवद्गीता       bhagavad-gītā - chapter-17, verse-9

कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः ।
आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥९॥
9. kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ ,
āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ.
9. kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ
āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ
9. kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ
duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ
9. Foods that are pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and cause a burning sensation are desired by those in the mode of passion (rajas), and they produce pain, grief, and disease.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

  • कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः (kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ) - describing foods that are pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and cause a burning sensation (pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and causing a burning sensation)
  • आहाराः (āhārāḥ) - foods, diets
  • राजसस्य (rājasasya) - of a person exhibiting the quality of passion (rajas) (of the passionate one, of a person in the mode of passion)
  • इष्टाः (iṣṭāḥ) - liked, desired, agreeable
  • दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः (duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ) - causing pain, grief, and disease

Words meanings and morphology

कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः (kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ) - describing foods that are pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and cause a burning sensation (pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and causing a burning sensation)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhin
kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhin - characterized by being pungent, sour, salty, excessively hot, sharp, dry, and causing burning sensation
Compound type : Karmadhāraya (kaṭu+amla+lavaṇa+ati+uṣṇa+tīkṣṇa+rūkṣa+vidāhin)
  • kaṭu – pungent, sharp, acrid
    adjective
  • amla – sour, acidic
    adjective
  • lavaṇa – salty
    adjective
  • ati – excessively, extremely, over
    indeclinable
  • uṣṇa – hot, warm
    adjective
    Root: uṣ (class 1)
  • tīkṣṇa – sharp, keen, pungent, severe
    adjective
  • rūkṣa – dry, harsh, rough, unctuous
    adjective
  • vidāhin – burning, causing internal burning, caustic
    adjective (masculine)
    Agent Noun/Adjective (suffix -in)
    Derived from prefix 'vi' + root 'dah' (to burn)
    Prefix: vi
    Root: dah (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'āhārāḥ' (foods).
आहाराः (āhārāḥ) - foods, diets
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of āhāra
āhāra - food, diet, nourishment, taking in
Derived from prefix 'ā' + root 'hṛ' (to take, to collect)
Prefix: ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
राजसस्य (rājasasya) - of a person exhibiting the quality of passion (rajas) (of the passionate one, of a person in the mode of passion)
(adjective)
Genitive, masculine, singular of rājasa
rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, belonging to the quality of passion
Derived from 'rajas' (passion) + 'aṇ' (suffix for 'relating to')
Note: Used substantively here, referring to a person whose nature is rajasic.
इष्टाः (iṣṭāḥ) - liked, desired, agreeable
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of iṣṭa
iṣṭa - desired, wished for, liked, agreeable, worshipped, sacrificed
Past Passive Participle
From root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire)
Root: iṣ (class 4)
Note: Qualifies 'āhārāḥ'.
दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः (duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ) - causing pain, grief, and disease
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhaśokāmayaprada
duḥkhaśokāmayaprada - giving pain, grief, and disease; causing misery, sorrow, and illness
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śoka+āmaya+prada)
  • duḥkha – pain, suffering, misery, sorrow
    noun (neuter)
  • śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
    noun (masculine)
    Root: śuc (class 1)
  • āmaya – sickness, disease, illness
    noun (masculine)
    Root: am (class 1)
  • prada – giving, bestowing, causing
    adjective
    Agent Noun
    Derived from prefix 'pra' + root 'dā' (to give)
    Prefix: pra
    Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Qualifies 'āhārāḥ'.