भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-17, verse-4
यजन्ते सात्त्विका देवान्यक्षरक्षांसि राजसाः ।
प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ॥४॥
प्रेतान्भूतगणांश्चान्ये यजन्ते तामसा जनाः ॥४॥
4. yajante sāttvikā devānyakṣarakṣāṁsi rājasāḥ ,
pretānbhūtagaṇāṁścānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ.
pretānbhūtagaṇāṁścānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ.
4.
yajante sāttvikāḥ devān yakṣarakṣāṃsi rājasāḥ |
pretān bhūtaganān ca anye yajante tāmasāḥ janāḥ
pretān bhūtaganān ca anye yajante tāmasāḥ janāḥ
4.
sāttvikāḥ devān yajante rājasāḥ yakṣarakṣāṃsi [yajante] ca anye tāmasāḥ janāḥ pretān bhūtaganān ca yajante.
4.
Those of goodness (sattvika) worship the gods (deva); those of passion (rajasa) worship yakshas and rakshasas. Other people, those of ignorance (tamasa), worship ghosts (preta) and hordes of spirits (bhūtagana).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यजन्ते (yajante) - they worship, they perform sacrifice
- सात्त्विकाः (sāttvikāḥ) - those of goodness, sattvic people
- देवान् (devān) - gods, deities
- यक्षरक्षांसि (yakṣarakṣāṁsi) - yakshas and rakshasas
- राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - those of passion, rajasic people
- प्रेतान् (pretān) - ghosts, spirits of the dead
- भूतगनान् (bhūtaganān) - hordes of spirits, hosts of ghosts
- च (ca) - and
- अन्ये (anye) - others
- यजन्ते (yajante) - they worship, they perform sacrifice
- तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - those of ignorance, tamasic people
- जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons
Words meanings and morphology
यजन्ते (yajante) - they worship, they perform sacrifice
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of yaj
Present Middle
root yaj, 3rd person plural, present tense, middle voice
Root: yaj (class 1)
सात्त्विकाः (sāttvikāḥ) - those of goodness, sattvic people
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sāttvika
sāttvika - relating to sattva, pure, good, virtuous
Derived from sattva with suffix -ika
देवान् (devān) - gods, deities
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of deva
deva - god, deity, divine being
यक्षरक्षांसि (yakṣarakṣāṁsi) - yakshas and rakshasas
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of yakṣarakṣas
yakṣarakṣas - yakshas and rakshasas (types of demigods/demons)
Compound type : dvandva (yakṣa+rakṣas)
- yakṣa – a class of benevolent nature-spirits or demigods
noun (masculine) - rakṣas – a demon, an evil spirit, an ogre
noun (neuter)
राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - those of passion, rajasic people
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of rājasa
rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, active, restless
Derived from rajas with suffix -a
प्रेतान् (pretān) - ghosts, spirits of the dead
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of preta
preta - ghost, spirit of the dead, departed spirit
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of pra-i (to go forth)
Prefix: pra
Root: i (class 2)
भूतगनान् (bhūtaganān) - hordes of spirits, hosts of ghosts
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of bhūtagana
bhūtagana - multitude of spirits, host of ghosts
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+gaṇa)
- bhūta – being, creature, ghost, spirit, elemental being
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of root bhū (to be)
Root: bhū (class 1) - gaṇa – multitude, host, troop, collection
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
अन्ये (anye) - others
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of anya
anya - other, another
यजन्ते (yajante) - they worship, they perform sacrifice
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of yaj
Present Middle
root yaj, 3rd person plural, present tense, middle voice
Root: yaj (class 1)
तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - those of ignorance, tamasic people
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tāmasa
tāmasa - relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, deluded
Derived from tamas with suffix -a
जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jana
jana - person, man, people, creature