भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-17, verse-21
यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः ।
दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥२१॥
दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥२१॥
21. yattu pratyupakārārthaṁ phalamuddiśya vā punaḥ ,
dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṁ taddānaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam.
dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṁ taddānaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam.
21.
yat tu pratyupakārārtham phalam uddiśya vā punaḥ
dīyate ca parikliṣṭam tat dānam rājasam smṛtam
dīyate ca parikliṣṭam tat dānam rājasam smṛtam
21.
yat tu pratyupakārārtham vā punaḥ phalam uddiśya ca parikliṣṭam dīyate,
tat dānam rājasam smṛtam
tat dānam rājasam smṛtam
21.
But that giving (dāna) which is offered begrudgingly, or with the intention of receiving something in return, or with an eye towards its results, is considered to be of the nature of passion (rājasam).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यत् (yat) - that which (that which, what)
- तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, however)
- प्रत्युपकारार्थम् (pratyupakārārtham) - for the purpose of a return favor (for the sake of a return favor, for a reciprocal service)
- फलम् (phalam) - results (fruit, result, consequence)
- उद्दिश्य (uddiśya) - aiming at, with the intention of (having aimed at, intending, with reference to)
- वा (vā) - or (or, either)
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)
- दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered
- च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
- परिक्लिष्टम् (parikliṣṭam) - grudgingly, reluctantly (distressed, troubled, painful, reluctant, grudgingly)
- तत् (tat) - that (that, it)
- दानम् (dānam) - giving (dāna), donation (giving, gift, donation)
- राजसम् (rājasam) - of the nature of passion (rājasam) (relating to rajas, passionate, born of passion)
- स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered, is remembered (remembered, considered, traditionally taught)
Words meanings and morphology
यत् (yat) - that which (that which, what)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, whichever
Note: Refers to the act of giving (dāna).
तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, however)
(indeclinable)
प्रत्युपकारार्थम् (pratyupakārārtham) - for the purpose of a return favor (for the sake of a return favor, for a reciprocal service)
(indeclinable)
adverbial from pratyupakāra + artha
Compound type : tatpurusha (pratyupakāra+artha)
- pratyupakāra – return favor, reciprocal service
noun (masculine)
Prefixes: prati+upa
Root: kṛ (class 8) - artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
noun (masculine)
फलम् (phalam) - results (fruit, result, consequence)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of phala
phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward
उद्दिश्य (uddiśya) - aiming at, with the intention of (having aimed at, intending, with reference to)
(indeclinable)
absolutive (gerund)
from root diś with upasarga ud
Prefix: ud
Root: diś (class 6)
वा (vā) - or (or, either)
(indeclinable)
पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)
(indeclinable)
दीयते (dīyate) - is given, is offered
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of dā
Present Passive Indicative
Root dā (3rd class, reduplicated) in passive voice, 3rd person singular
Root: dā (class 3)
च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'phalam uddiśya' and 'parikliṣṭam'.
परिक्लिष्टम् (parikliṣṭam) - grudgingly, reluctantly (distressed, troubled, painful, reluctant, grudgingly)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of parikliṣṭa
parikliṣṭa - distressed, troubled, painful, reluctant, grudgingly
Past Passive Participle
from root kliś with upasarga pari
Prefix: pari
Root: kliś (class 4)
Note: Qualifies 'dānam' implicitly. Adverbial usage here 'given reluctantly'.
तत् (tat) - that (that, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, it
Note: Refers to 'dānam'.
दानम् (dānam) - giving (dāna), donation (giving, gift, donation)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna
dāna - giving, gift, donation, liberality
from root dā
Root: dā (class 3)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
राजसम् (rājasam) - of the nature of passion (rājasam) (relating to rajas, passionate, born of passion)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rājasa
rājasa - relating to rajas, passionate, born of passion
from rajas (the guna of activity/passion) with suffix -a
Note: Predicate adjective for 'dānam'.
स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered, is remembered (remembered, considered, traditionally taught)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta
smṛta - remembered, considered, mentioned, traditionally taught
Past Passive Participle
from root smṛ
Root: smṛ (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'dānam'.