योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-52, verse-28

मुदमेत्य कदाचिच्च स्वयमायाति दीनताम् ।
प्रावृड्वर्षकलोल्लासपूरादिव नदीरयः ॥ २८ ॥

mudametya kadācicca svayamāyāti dīnatām ,
prāvṛḍvarṣakalollāsapūrādiva nadīrayaḥ 28

28. mudam etya kadācit ca svayam āyāti dīnatām
prāvṛṭ varṣa kala ullāsa pūrāt iva nadī rayaḥ

28. kadācit ca mudam etya svayam dīnatām āyāti,
prāvṛṭ varṣa kala ullāsa pūrāt nadī rayaḥ iva

28. And sometimes, after experiencing joy, one spontaneously falls into a state of wretchedness, just as a river's current swells with an exuberant overflow during the monsoon season.

Words meanings summery:

• मुदम् (mudam) - the state of joy (joy, delight, happiness)

• एत्य (etya) - after attaining joy (having come, having attained)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - sometimes, at some time

• च (ca) - and, also

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, spontaneously

• आयाति (āyāti) - falls into misery (comes, approaches, falls into)

• दीनताम् (dīnatām) - a state of misery or distress (wretchedness, misery, helplessness)

• प्रावृट् (prāvṛṭ) - monsoon, rainy season

• वर्ष (varṣa) - rain (in the context of monsoon) (rain, year)

• कल (kala) - time/season (of monsoon rain) (time, season, period)

• उल्लास (ullāsa) - swelling, overflowing delight/exuberance (of the monsoon) (joy, delight, exuberance, swelling, manifestation)

• पूरात् (pūrāt) - from the overflowing exuberance of the monsoon rain season

• इव (iva) - introduces a simile (like, as, as it were)

• नदी (nadī) - river's current (river)

• रयः (rayaḥ) - the current of a river (current, flow, speed, impulse)

Words meanings and morphology

मुदम् (mudam) - the state of joy (joy, delight, happiness)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, happiness

from root `mud` (to rejoice)

Root: mud (class 1)

एत्य (etya) - after attaining joy (having come, having attained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root `i` (to go)

Root: i (class 2)

कदाचित् (kadācit) - sometimes, at some time

(indeclinable)

`kadā` (when) + `cid` (particle of indefiniteness)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

स्वयम् (svayam) - by oneself, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

adverbial form of `sva`

आयाति (āyāti) - falls into misery (comes, approaches, falls into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ā-yā

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

दीनताम् (dīnatām) - a state of misery or distress (wretchedness, misery, helplessness)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīnatā

dīnatā - wretchedness, misery, helplessness, humility, poverty

from `dīna` (wretched) + `tā` (feminine abstract suffix)

प्रावृट् (prāvṛṭ) - monsoon, rainy season

(noun)

feminine, singular of prāvṛṣ

prāvṛṣ - rainy season, monsoon

from `pra-vṛṣ` (to rain forth)

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: forms part of the compound `prāvṛṭ-varṣa-kala-ullāsa-pūra`

वर्ष (varṣa) - rain (in the context of monsoon) (rain, year)

(noun)

neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - rain, raining, rainy season, year

from root `vṛṣ` (to rain)

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: forms part of the compound `prāvṛṭ-varṣa-kala-ullāsa-pūra`

कल (kala) - time/season (of monsoon rain) (time, season, period)

(noun)

masculine, singular of kala

kala - time, season, period, suitable time

Note: forms part of the compound `prāvṛṭ-varṣa-kala-ullāsa-pūra`

उल्लास (ullāsa) - swelling, overflowing delight/exuberance (of the monsoon) (joy, delight, exuberance, swelling, manifestation)

(noun)

masculine, singular of ullāsa

ullāsa - joy, delight, exuberance, swelling, manifestation, rising

from `ud-las` (to spring up, to shine)

Prefix: ud

Root: las (class 1)

Note: forms part of the compound `prāvṛṭ-varṣa-kala-ullāsa-pūra`

पूरात् (pūrāt) - from the overflowing exuberance of the monsoon rain season

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of prāvṛṭ-varṣa-kala-ullāsa-pūra

prāvṛṭ-varṣa-kala-ullāsa-pūra - overflowing exuberance of the monsoon rain season

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāvṛṣ+varṣa+kala+ullāsa+pūra)

• prāvṛṣ – rainy season, monsoon
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• varṣa – rain, rainy season
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• kala – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)
• ullāsa – joy, delight, exuberance, swelling
  noun (masculine)
  from `ud-las`
  Prefix: ud
  Root: las (class 1)
• pūra – flood, abundance, fullness, overflow
  noun (masculine)
  from root `pṛ` (to fill)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

इव (iva) - introduces a simile (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

नदी (nadī) - river's current (river)

(noun)

feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream

Note: Forms part of `nadī-rayaḥ` (river-current).

रयः (rayaḥ) - the current of a river (current, flow, speed, impulse)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadī-raya

nadī-raya - river current, stream flow

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nadī+raya)

• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• raya – current, flow, speed
  noun (masculine)
  from root `ṛ` (to go)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: `nadī-rayaḥ` is a ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa compound: "river's current".

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