योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-31, verse-12

तेन संग्रामसंरम्भे प्रेक्षार्थं समुपागतैः ।
त्रैलोक्यभूतैस्तद्व्योम बभूवात्यन्तसंकटम् ॥ १२ ॥

tena saṃgrāmasaṃrambhe prekṣārthaṃ samupāgataiḥ ,
trailokyabhūtaistadvyoma babhūvātyantasaṃkaṭam 12

12. tena saṅgrāmasaṃrambhe prekṣārtham samupāgataiḥ
trailokyabhūtaiḥ tat vyoma babhūva atyantasaṅkaṭam

12. tena prekṣārtham saṅgrāmasaṃrambhe samupāgataiḥ
trailokyabhūtaiḥ tat vyoma atyantasaṅkaṭam babhūva

12. Because of that attack, the sky became extremely congested, as beings from the three worlds had arrived to witness the onset of the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - due to that (attack/situation) (by that, due to that)

• सङ्ग्रामसंरम्भे (saṅgrāmasaṁrambhe) - in the commencement of battle, in the heat of battle

• प्रेक्षार्थम् (prekṣārtham) - for the purpose of seeing, to watch

• समुपागतैः (samupāgataiḥ) - by those who had arrived, by the assembled

• त्रैलोक्यभूतैः (trailokyabhūtaiḥ) - by beings of the three worlds

• तत् (tat) - that

• व्योम (vyoma) - sky, atmosphere

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

• अत्यन्तसङ्कटम् (atyantasaṅkaṭam) - extremely crowded, very difficult/narrow

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - due to that (attack/situation) (by that, due to that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially to indicate cause.

सङ्ग्रामसंरम्भे (saṅgrāmasaṁrambhe) - in the commencement of battle, in the heat of battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāmasaṃrambha

saṅgrāmasaṁrambha - onset of battle, fury of conflict

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṅgrāma+saṃrambha)

• saṅgrāma – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: gram (class 1)
• saṃrambha – haste, fury, commencement, intense activity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'rabh' (to seize) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rabh (class 1)

प्रेक्षार्थम् (prekṣārtham) - for the purpose of seeing, to watch

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prekṣā+artham)

• prekṣā – seeing, looking, sight
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

समुपागतैः (samupāgataiḥ) - by those who had arrived, by the assembled

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of samupāgata

samupāgata - arrived, approached, assembled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'sam', 'upa', 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'trailokyabhūtaiḥ'.

त्रैलोक्यभूतैः (trailokyabhūtaiḥ) - by beings of the three worlds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of trailokyabhūta

trailokyabhūta - being of the three worlds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (trailokya+bhūta)

• trailokya – three worlds (heaven, earth, and lower regions)
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'tri' (three) and 'loka' (world).
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'vyoma'.

व्योम (vyoma) - sky, atmosphere

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyoman

vyoman - sky, atmosphere, air

बभूव (babhūva) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

अत्यन्तसङ्कटम् (atyantasaṅkaṭam) - extremely crowded, very difficult/narrow

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atyantasaṅkaṭa

atyantasaṅkaṭa - extremely crowded, very difficult, very narrow

Compound type : karmadhāraya (atyanta+saṅkaṭa)

• atyanta – extreme, excessive, very much
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from 'ati' (beyond) and 'anta' (end).
  Prefix: ati
  Root: am
• saṅkaṭa – crowded, narrow, difficult, dangerous
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from root 'kaṭ' (to cover) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kaṭ (class 1)

Note: Complement of 'babhūva'.