वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-41, verse-18

पूर्वाह्णे पौरकृत्यानि कृत्वा धर्मेण धर्मवित् ।
शेषं दिवसभागार्धमन्तःपुरगतो ऽभवत् ॥१८॥

18. pūrvāhṇe paurakṛtyāni kṛtvā dharmeṇa dharmavit ,
śeṣaṃ divasabhāgārdhamantaḥpuragato'bhavat.

18. pūrvāhṇe paurakṛtyāni kṛtvā dharmeṇa dharmavit
śeṣam divasabhāgārdham antaḥpuragataḥ abhavat

18. dharmavit pūrvāhṇe dharmeṇa paurakṛtyāni kṛtvā
śeṣam divasabhāgārdham antaḥpuragataḥ abhavat

18. In the forenoon, the knower of constitutional law (dharma), having performed the civic duties according to the constitution (dharma), spent the remaining half of the day in the inner apartments.

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वाह्णे (pūrvāhṇe) - in the forenoon, in the morning

• पौरकृत्यानि (paurakṛtyāni) - duties of a king towards his subjects (civic duties, duties towards citizens)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to constitutional law, with righteousness (by (dharma), according to (dharma), righteously)

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - Rama, as a knower of constitutional law (knower of (dharma), righteous person)

• शेषम् (śeṣam) - the remaining portion (of time) (remaining, residue, balance)

• दिवसभागार्धम् (divasabhāgārdham) - the latter half of the day's segment (half of the day's portion)

• अन्तःपुरगतः (antaḥpuragataḥ) - having retired to the royal inner chambers (gone to the inner apartments/harem)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he remained, he was (in that state) (he became, he was)

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वाह्णे (pūrvāhṇe) - in the forenoon, in the morning

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pūrvāhṇa

pūrvāhṇa - forenoon, morning

Compound of pūrva (पूर्व) and ahan (अहन्)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pūrva+ahan)

• pūrva – prior, former, eastern
  adjective (masculine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage.

पौरकृत्यानि (paurakṛtyāni) - duties of a king towards his subjects (civic duties, duties towards citizens)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paurakṛtya

paurakṛtya - civic duty, duty for the citizens

Compound of paura (पौर) and kṛtya (कृत्य)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (paura+kṛtya)

• paura – citizen, urban, civic
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from pura (city) + aṇ
• kṛtya – duty, action, what must be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root kṛ (to do) + -tya suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of kṛtvā.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with ktvā suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to constitutional law, with righteousness (by (dharma), according to (dharma), righteously)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice

Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Denotes the means or manner.

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - Rama, as a knower of constitutional law (knower of (dharma), righteous person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit

dharmavit - knower of (dharma), one who understands law/duty, righteous

Compound of dharma (धर्म) and vid (वित्)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of abhavat.

शेषम् (śeṣam) - the remaining portion (of time) (remaining, residue, balance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - remainder, residue, what is left; remaining

Derived from root śiṣ (to leave, remain)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: object of the implied verb of 'spending' (part of abhavat meaning 'became (in that state)')

दिवसभागार्धम् (divasabhāgārdham) - the latter half of the day's segment (half of the day's portion)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of divasabhāgārdha

divasabhāgārdha - half of a day's portion

Compound: divasa + bhāga + ardha

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (divasa+bhāga+ardha)

• divasa – day
  noun (masculine)
• bhāga – portion, share, part
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhaj (to divide, share)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• ardha – half, part
  noun (masculine/neuter)

Note: Accusative of duration, or object of implied verb.

अन्तःपुरगतः (antaḥpuragataḥ) - having retired to the royal inner chambers (gone to the inner apartments/harem)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antaḥpuragata

antaḥpuragata - gone to the inner apartment, being in the harem

Compound of antas (अन्तः), pura (पुर), and gata (गत)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (antas+pura+gata)

• antas – within, inside, inner
  indeclinable
• pura – city, fortress, palace
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for Rama.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he remained, he was (in that state) (he became, he was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect (laṅ)

3rd person singular imperfect of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is dharmavit (Rama).