वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-2, verse-29

स तु लोकत्रये ख्यातः शौचधर्मसमन्वितः ।
पितेव तपसा युक्तो विश्रवा मुनिपुंगवः ॥२९॥

29. sa tu lokatraye khyātaḥ śaucadharmasamanvitaḥ ,
piteva tapasā yukto viśravā munipuṃgavaḥ.

29. saḥ tu lokatraye khyātaḥ śaucadharmasamanvitaḥ
pitā iva tapasā yuktaḥ viśravāḥ munipuṅgavaḥ

29. saḥ tu munipuṅgavaḥ viśravāḥ lokatraye khyātaḥ
śaucadharmasamanvitaḥ pitā iva tapasā yuktaḥ

29. Indeed, he, Viśravas, the foremost among sages (muni), was renowned in the three worlds, endowed with purity and (natural) law (dharma), and dedicated to spiritual practice (tapas) like his father.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Viśravas. (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, and

• लोकत्रये (lokatraye) - in the three worlds

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned, famous, known

• शौचधर्मसमन्वितः (śaucadharmasamanvitaḥ) - endowed with purity and (natural) law

• पिता (pitā) - Refers to his father, Pulastya. (father)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, by spiritual practice

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged in spiritual practice (endowed, joined, connected, engaged in)

• विश्रवाः (viśravāḥ) - Viśravas (proper noun)

• मुनिपुङ्गवः (munipuṅgavaḥ) - foremost among sages (chief of sages, excellent sage)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Viśravas. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects to the previous verse.

लोकत्रये (lokatraye) - in the three worlds

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of lokatraya

lokatraya - the three worlds (heaven, earth, and netherworld)

Compound of loka (world) and traya (group of three).

Compound type : dvigu (loka+traya)

• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 1)
• traya – group of three, triad
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location where he was renowned.

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned, famous, known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, famous, celebrated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √khyā (to be known, appear) by kta suffix.

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Predicate describing Viśravas.

शौचधर्मसमन्वितः (śaucadharmasamanvitaḥ) - endowed with purity and (natural) law

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaucadharmasamanvita

śaucadharmasamanvita - endowed with purity and (natural) law

Compound of śauca (purity), dharma (natural law), and samanvita (endowed with).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śauca+dharma+samanvita)

• śauca – purity, cleanliness
  noun (neuter)
  From śuci (pure).
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhr̥ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhr̥ (class 1)
• samanvita – endowed with, accompanied by, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root √i (to go) with prefixes sam- and anu- and kta suffix.
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Another predicate describing Viśravas.

पिता (pitā) - Refers to his father, Pulastya. (father)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitr̥

pitr̥ - father

Note: Used in comparison "like father".

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, by spiritual practice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual practice, heat

From root √tap (to heat, to perform austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Means by which he was endowed/engaged.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - engaged in spiritual practice (endowed, joined, connected, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, endowed with, engaged in, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √yuj (to join, connect) by kta suffix.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate describing Viśravas.

विश्रवाः (viśravāḥ) - Viśravas (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśravas

viśravas - Viśravas (name of a sage, father of Kubera and Rāvaṇa); renown, fame

Derived from vi- (all, throughout) and śravas (fame, glory).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+śravas)

• vi – apart, distinct, much, various
  indeclinable
• śravas – fame, glory, renown, sound
  noun (neuter)
  From root √śru (to hear).
  Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.

मुनिपुङ्गवः (munipuṅgavaḥ) - foremost among sages (chief of sages, excellent sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of munipuṅgava

munipuṅgava - foremost among sages, chief of ascetics

Compound of muni (sage) and puṅgava (chief, bull, excellent).

Compound type : tatpurusha (muni+puṅgava)

• muni – sage, ascetic, hermit, silent one
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)
• puṅgava – bull, excellent, chief, foremost
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to Viśravas.

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