वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-2, verse-13

तस्मिन्नेव तु काले स प्राजापत्यो महानृषिः ।
स्वाध्यायमकरोत्तत्र तपसा द्योतितप्रभः ॥१३॥

13. tasminneva tu kāle sa prājāpatyo mahānṛṣiḥ ,
svādhyāyamakarottatra tapasā dyotitaprabhaḥ.

13. tasmin eva tu kāle saḥ prājāpatyaḥ mahānṛṣiḥ
svādhyāyam akarot tatra tapasā dyotitaprabhaḥ

13. However, at that very time, that great sage, a descendant of Prajāpati (prājāpatya), whose radiance was intensified by his austerities (tapas), was performing his scriptural study (svādhyāya) there.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - In that (time) (In that)

• एव (eva) - Very (that very time) (Indeed, only, very)

• तु (tu) - However (But, however, indeed)

• काले (kāle) - At that time (In time)

• सः (saḥ) - That (sage) (He, that)

• प्राजापत्यः (prājāpatyaḥ) - A sage who is a descendant of Prajāpati (prājāpatya) (Descendant of Prajāpati)

• महानृषिः (mahānṛṣiḥ) - That great sage (Great sage)

• स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - Scriptural study (svādhyāya) (Self-study, Vedic recitation)

• अकरोत् (akarot) - Was performing, engaged in (Did, made, performed)

• तत्र (tatra) - There (in the hermitage) (There, in that place)

• तपसा (tapasā) - By his austerities (tapas) (By asceticism, by austerity)

• द्योतितप्रभः (dyotitaprabhaḥ) - Whose radiance was intensified (Whose splendor is illuminated/shining)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - In that (time) (In that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Masculine/Neuter locative singular.

Note: Refers to 'kāle'.

एव (eva) - Very (that very time) (Indeed, only, very)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - However (But, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to express contrast or emphasis.

काले (kāle) - At that time (In time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period

सः (saḥ) - That (sage) (He, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he

Masculine nominative singular.

Note: Refers to the great sage.

प्राजापत्यः (prājāpatyaḥ) - A sage who is a descendant of Prajāpati (prājāpatya) (Descendant of Prajāpati)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prājāpatya

prājāpatya - relating to Prajāpati, descendant of Prajāpati

Formed with suffix -ya from Prajāpati.

Note: Adjective for 'mahānṛṣiḥ'.

महानृषिः (mahānṛṣiḥ) - That great sage (Great sage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahānṛṣi

mahānṛṣi - great sage, venerable seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ṛṣi)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the main clause.

स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - Scriptural study (svādhyāya) (Self-study, Vedic recitation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, study of the Vedas, scriptural recitation

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – self, own
  pronoun (masculine)
• adhyāya – reading, study, lesson, chapter
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'akarot'.

अकरोत् (akarot) - Was performing, engaged in (Did, made, performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

imperfect tense

Imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb.

तत्र (tatra) - There (in the hermitage) (There, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' + suffix 'atra'.

तपसा (tapasā) - By his austerities (tapas) (By asceticism, by austerity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, austerity, penance

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Instrument for 'dyotitaprabhaḥ'.

द्योतितप्रभः (dyotitaprabhaḥ) - Whose radiance was intensified (Whose splendor is illuminated/shining)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dyotitaprabha

dyotitaprabha - whose splendor is shining, whose light is manifest

Masculine nominative singular.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dyotita+prabhā)

• dyotita – illuminated, shone, manifested
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'dyut' (to shine).
  Root: dyut (class 1)
• prabhā – light, splendor, radiance
  noun (feminine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'mahānṛṣiḥ'.