वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-98, verse-5

ता बाष्पपरिपूर्णाक्ष्यो भर्तृशोकपराजिताः ।
करेण्व इव नर्दन्त्यो विनेदुर्हतयूथपाः ॥५॥

5. tā bāṣpaparipūrṇākṣyo bhartṛśokaparājitāḥ ,
kareṇva iva nardantyo vinedurhatayūthapāḥ.

5. tāḥ bāṣpa-paripūrṇa-akṣyaḥ bhartṛ-śoka-parājitāḥ
kareṇvaḥ iva nardantyaḥ vineduḥ hata-yūthapāḥ

5. Those women, with eyes brimming with tears and overcome by grief for their husbands, wailed loudly like female elephants roaring after their herd leaders have been slain.

Words meanings summery:

• ताः (tāḥ) - those demonesses (those, they (feminine plural))

• बाष्प-परिपूर्ण-अक्ष्यः (bāṣpa-paripūrṇa-akṣyaḥ) - with eyes full of tears

• भर्तृ-शोक-पराजिताः (bhartṛ-śoka-parājitāḥ) - overcome by grief for their husbands

• करेण्वः (kareṇvaḥ) - female elephants

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• नर्दन्त्यः (nardantyaḥ) - the female elephants roaring (roaring, trumpeting)

• विनेदुः (vineduḥ) - they cried aloud, they wailed, they roared

• हत-यूथपाः (hata-yūthapāḥ) - (referring to the female elephants) whose herd leaders are slain; (referring to the women) whose husbands (leaders) are slain (whose herd leaders are slain, whose chiefs are killed)

Words meanings and morphology

ताः (tāḥ) - those demonesses (those, they (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the women/demonesses mentioned in previous verses.

बाष्प-परिपूर्ण-अक्ष्यः (bāṣpa-paripūrṇa-akṣyaḥ) - with eyes full of tears

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bāṣpa-paripūrṇa-akṣi

bāṣpa-paripūrṇa-akṣi - having eyes full of tears

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāṣpa+paripūrṇa+akṣi)

• bāṣpa – tear, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
• paripūrṇa – full, complete, filled
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From pari-√pṛ (to fill)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: pṛ (class 9)
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Compound modifying tāḥ.

भर्तृ-शोक-पराजिताः (bhartṛ-śoka-parājitāḥ) - overcome by grief for their husbands

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bhartṛ-śoka-parājita

bhartṛ-śoka-parājita - overcome by grief for a husband

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhartṛ+śoka+parājita)

• bhartṛ – husband, supporter, lord
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• parājita – overcome, conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From parā-√ji (to conquer, defeat)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Compound modifying tāḥ.

करेण्वः (kareṇvaḥ) - female elephants

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kareṇu

kareṇu - female elephant

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

नर्दन्त्यः (nardantyaḥ) - the female elephants roaring (roaring, trumpeting)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nardant

nardant - roaring, bellowing, trumpeting

present active participle

From √nard (to roar) + -at suffix

Root: nard (class 1)

Note: Modifies kareṇvaḥ.

विनेदुः (vineduḥ) - they cried aloud, they wailed, they roared

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vined

perfect active

From vi-√nad (to sound, roar)

Prefix: vi

Root: nad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

हत-यूथपाः (hata-yūthapāḥ) - (referring to the female elephants) whose herd leaders are slain; (referring to the women) whose husbands (leaders) are slain (whose herd leaders are slain, whose chiefs are killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of hata-yūthapa

hata-yūthapa - having slain herd-leaders/chiefs

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+yūthapa)

• hata – slain, killed
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  From √han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)
• yūthapa – leader of a herd, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies both kareṇvaḥ and implied tāḥ.

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