वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-98, verse-11

एवमार्ताः पतिं दृष्ट्वा रावणं निहतं भुवि ।
चुक्रुशुर्बहुधा शोकाद्भूयस्ताः पर्यदेवयन् ॥११॥

11. evamārtāḥ patiṃ dṛṣṭvā rāvaṇaṃ nihataṃ bhuvi ,
cukruśurbahudhā śokādbhūyastāḥ paryadevayan.

11. evam ārtāḥ patim dṛṣṭvā rāvaṇam nihatam bhuvi |
cukruśuḥ bahudhā śokāt bhūyaḥ tāḥ paryadevayan

11. ārtāḥ evam bhuvi nihatam rāvaṇam patim dṛṣṭvā
tāḥ śokāt bahudhā cukruśuḥ bhūyaḥ paryadevayan

11. Thus, distressed, upon seeing their husband Rāvaṇa slain on the ground, they cried out in various ways due to grief and lamented even more.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this distressed state (thus, in this manner, so)

• आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed (women) (distressed, afflicted, suffering)

• पतिम् (patim) - their husband (Rāvaṇa) (husband, master, lord, owner)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen, after seeing)

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Laṅkā))

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain (killed, struck down, slain, defeated)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground, in the world)

• चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they cried out (they cried out, they wailed)

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in various ways (in many ways, manifoldly, variously)

• शोकात् (śokāt) - due to grief (from grief, due to sorrow, out of lamentation)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - even more, further (again, further, more, greatly)

• ताः (tāḥ) - they (referring to the distressed women) (those (feminine plural), they)

• पर्यदेवयन् (paryadevayan) - they lamented (they lamented, they mourned)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this distressed state (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

आर्ताः (ārtāḥ) - distressed (women) (distressed, afflicted, suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ārta

ārta - afflicted, distressed, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root `ṛ` (to go, to move) with prefix `ā-` (towards, up to).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Refers to the wives of Rāvaṇa.

पतिम् (patim) - their husband (Rāvaṇa) (husband, master, lord, owner)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - husband, master, lord, owner, protector

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `dṛś` (to see) with the suffix `-tvā`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Laṅkā))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper noun)

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain (killed, struck down, slain, defeated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, slain, destroyed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `han` (to strike, kill) with prefix `ni-` (down, completely).

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies `rāvaṇam`.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground (on the earth, on the ground, in the world)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land, world

चुक्रुशुः (cukruśuḥ) - they cried out (they cried out, they wailed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of kruk

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root `kruś` (to cry, shout).

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Subject is `tāḥ` (they, referring to the wives).

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in various ways (in many ways, manifoldly, variously)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix `dhā` (indicating manner) from `bahu` (many).

शोकात् (śokāt) - due to grief (from grief, due to sorrow, out of lamentation)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - grief, sorrow, lamentation, anguish

From root `śuc` (to glow, mourn).

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Indicates cause or reason.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - even more, further (again, further, more, greatly)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `bahu` (much, many).

Note: Emphasizes repetition or intensity of lamentation.

ताः (tāḥ) - they (referring to the distressed women) (those (feminine plural), they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of `cukruśuḥ` and `paryadevayan`.

पर्यदेवयन् (paryadevayan) - they lamented (they lamented, they mourned)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dev

Imperfect Active

Formed from root `dev` (to lament) with prefix `pari-` (around, completely) and `a-` augment for imperfect.

Prefix: pari

Root: dev (class 1)

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