वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-98, verse-18

अशृण्वता तु सुहृदां सततं हितवादिनाम् ।
एताः सममिदानीं ते वयमात्मा च पातिताः ॥१८॥

18. aśṛṇvatā tu suhṛdāṃ satataṃ hitavādinām ,
etāḥ samamidānīṃ te vayamātmā ca pātitāḥ.

18. aśṛṇvatā tu suhṛdām satatam hitavādinām
etāḥ samam idānīm te vayam ātmā ca pātitāḥ

18. But because of his not listening to the constantly well-wishing friends, now these (wives), and we, and his own self (ātman) have been equally brought down.

Words meanings summery:

• अशृण्वता (aśṛṇvatā) - by one not hearing, by one not listening

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सुहृदाम् (suhṛdām) - of the friends, of the well-wishers

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, perpetually, always

• हितवादिनाम् (hitavādinām) - of those speaking beneficial words, of beneficial speakers

• एताः (etāḥ) - these

• समम् (samam) - equally, together, uniformly

• इदानीम् (idānīm) - now, at this time

• ते (te) - his

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• आत्मा (ātmā) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पातिताः (pātitāḥ) - caused to fall, cast down, destroyed, killed

Words meanings and morphology

अशृण्वता (aśṛṇvatā) - by one not hearing, by one not listening

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aśṛṇvat

aśṛṇvat - not hearing, not listening

Present Active Participle (Negative)

From a (negation) + √śru (to hear) + śatṛ (suffix). Instrumental singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (negative) (a+śṛṇvat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śṛṇvat – hearing, listening
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From √śru (to hear) + śatṛ
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Implied subject is the deceased.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle

सुहृदाम् (suhṛdām) - of the friends, of the well-wishers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, well-wisher, benevolent

From su (good) + hṛd (heart)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'good'
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the friends who were offering advice.

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, perpetually, always

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From sa (with) + √tan (to stretch, extend) + ta (suffix)

Prefix: sa

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Adverbial accusative of neuter singular adjective.

हितवादिनाम् (hitavādinām) - of those speaking beneficial words, of beneficial speakers

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of hitavādin

hitavādin - speaking what is beneficial, well-wishing

Agent noun

From hita (beneficial) + vādin (speaking)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hita+vādin)

• hita – beneficial, good, advantageous
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhā (to place, put) with prefix hi; often used as 'beneficial'
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• vādin – speaking, saying, speaker
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From √vad (to speak) + ṇini (suffix)
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `suhṛdām`.

एताः (etāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

समम् (samam) - equally, together, uniformly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative of neuter singular adjective.

इदानीम् (idānīm) - now, at this time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time

ते (te) - his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ta

ta - he, she, it, that

Note: Here meaning "his", referring to the deceased.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

आत्मा (ātmā) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

From √at (to move, to breathe)

Root: at (class 1)

Note: Refers to the deceased's own person/self.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

पातिताः (pātitāḥ) - caused to fall, cast down, destroyed, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, cast down, thrown down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle (Causative)

From causative of √pat (to fall) + ta (kṛt suffix). Causative root is pāt-i.

Root: pat (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse