वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-98, verse-13

गन्धर्वाणामृषीणां च सुराणां च महात्मनाम् ।
भयं येन महद्दत्तं सो ऽयं शेते रणे हतः ॥१३॥

13. gandharvāṇāmṛṣīṇāṃ ca surāṇāṃ ca mahātmanām ,
bhayaṃ yena mahaddattaṃ so'yaṃ śete raṇe hataḥ.

13. gandharvāṇām ṛṣīṇām ca surāṇām ca mahātmanām |
bhayam yena mahat dattam saḥ ayam śete raṇe hataḥ

13. yena gandharvāṇām ca ṛṣīṇām ca mahātmanām surāṇām
mahat bhayam dattam saḥ ayam hataḥ raṇe śete

13. That one by whom great fear was given to Gandharvas, to sages, and to the great-souled gods—he now lies slain on the battlefield.

Words meanings summery:

• गन्धर्वाणाम् (gandharvāṇām) - of the Gandharvas (celestial musicians) (of the Gandharvas)

• ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages (of the sages, of the seers)

• च (ca) - and

• सुराणाम् (surāṇām) - of the gods (of the gods, of the deities)

• च (ca) - and

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled (gods) (of the great-souled ones, of the noble ones)

• भयम् (bhayam) - great fear (fear, terror, danger)

• येन (yena) - by whom (Rāvaṇa) (by whom, by which)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty, important)

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given (given, granted, bestowed)

• सः (saḥ) - that one (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this very one (Rāvaṇa) (this, he)

• शेते (śete) - he lies (dead) (he lies, he rests)

• रणे (raṇe) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield, in conflict)

• हतः (hataḥ) - slain (killed, struck, slain, destroyed)

Words meanings and morphology

गन्धर्वाणाम् (gandharvāṇām) - of the Gandharvas (celestial musicians) (of the Gandharvas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, often musicians and dancers)

Note: Shows recipients of fear, implicitly with dative sense.

ऋषीणाम् (ṛṣīṇām) - of the sages (of the sages, of the seers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, saint

Root: ṛṣ

Note: Shows recipients of fear.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `gandharvāṇām` and `ṛṣīṇām`.

सुराणाम् (surāṇām) - of the gods (of the gods, of the deities)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity, divine being

Root: sur

Note: Shows recipients of fear.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `ṛṣīṇām` and `surāṇām`.

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled (gods) (of the great-souled ones, of the noble ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble, distinguished

Compound: `mahā` (great) + `ātman` (soul, self).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Adjective agreeing with `surāṇām`.

भयम् (bhayam) - great fear (fear, terror, danger)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, dread, danger

From root `bhī` (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of `dattam`.

येन (yena) - by whom (Rāvaṇa) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Agent of `dattam`.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, mighty, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important, noble

Present Active Participle

From root `mah` (to grow, be great). Often used as a stem.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying `bhayam`.

दत्तम् (dattam) - given (given, granted, bestowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered, placed

Past Passive Participle

From root `dā` (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate for `bhayam`.

सः (saḥ) - that one (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun for `yena`.

अयम् (ayam) - this very one (Rāvaṇa) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Emphasizes `saḥ`.

शेते (śete) - he lies (dead) (he lies, he rests)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śī

Present Middle

3rd person singular, present indicative, middle voice.

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa's current state.

रणे (raṇe) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, strife

From root `raṇ` (to sound, rejoice).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

हतः (hataḥ) - slain (killed, struck, slain, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, slain, injured, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root `han` (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for `saḥ ayam`.

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