वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-86, verse-4

ते ऽर्दिता बाणवर्षेण महापार्श्वेन वानराः ।
विषादविमुखाः सर्वे बभूवुर्गतचेतसः ॥४॥

4. te'rditā bāṇavarṣeṇa mahāpārśvena vānarāḥ ,
viṣādavimukhāḥ sarve babhūvurgatacetasaḥ.

4. te arditāḥ bāṇavarṣeṇa mahāpārśvena vānarāḥ
viṣādavimukhāḥ sarve babhūvuḥ gatacetasaḥ

4. mahāpārśvena bāṇavarṣeṇa arditāḥ te sarve
vānarāḥ viṣādavimukhāḥ gatacetasaḥ babhūvuḥ

4. Tormented by Mahaparshva's rain of arrows, all those monkeys became dejected and lost their consciousness.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (monkeys) (those, they)

• अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - tormented (tormented, afflicted, distressed)

• बाणवर्षेण (bāṇavarṣeṇa) - by the rain of arrows

• महापार्श्वेन (mahāpārśvena) - by the demon Mahaparshva (by Mahaparshva)

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys)

• विषादविमुखाः (viṣādavimukhāḥ) - dejected (turned away in despair, dejected, disheartened)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became (they became, they were)

• गतचेतसः (gatacetasaḥ) - lost consciousness (deprived of consciousness, senseless, unconscious)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (monkeys) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'babhūvuḥ'.

अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - tormented (tormented, afflicted, distressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardita

ardita - tormented, afflicted, distressed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From root ard (to pain, hurt, afflict).

Root: ard (class 1)

बाणवर्षेण (bāṇavarṣeṇa) - by the rain of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bāṇavarṣa

bāṇavarṣa - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+varṣa)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower, raining
  noun (masculine)
  From root vṛṣ (to rain).
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the agent of torment in passive construction.

महापार्श्वेन (mahāpārśvena) - by the demon Mahaparshva (by Mahaparshva)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahāpārśva

mahāpārśva - Mahaparshva (name of a demon)

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'tormented by Mahaparshva'.

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - the monkeys (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

Note: Subject of the verb 'babhūvuḥ'.

विषादविमुखाः (viṣādavimukhāḥ) - dejected (turned away in despair, dejected, disheartened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣādavimukha

viṣādavimukha - turned away in despair, dejected, despondent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viṣāda+vimukha)

• viṣāda – despair, dejection, despondency, sadness
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-sad (to sink down).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• vimukha – turned away, averted, hostile, averse
  adjective (masculine)
  From vi-mukha (face).
  Prefix: vi

Note: Predicate adjective with 'babhūvuḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Pronominal adjective.

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they became (they became, they were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Reduplicated perfect form of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

गतचेतसः (gatacetasaḥ) - lost consciousness (deprived of consciousness, senseless, unconscious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gatacetas

gatacetas - deprived of senses/consciousness, senseless, unconscious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+cetas)

• gata – gone, departed, lost
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetas – consciousness, mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)
  From root cit (to perceive, know).
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective with 'babhūvuḥ'.