वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-86, verse-18

तं तैलधौतं विमलं शैलसारमयं दृढम् ।
राक्षसः परमक्रुद्धो वालिपुत्रे न्यपातयत् ॥१८॥

18. taṃ tailadhautaṃ vimalaṃ śailasāramayaṃ dṛḍham ,
rākṣasaḥ paramakruddho vāliputre nyapātayat.

18. tam taila-dhautam vimalam śaila-sāra-mayam dṛḍham
rākṣasaḥ parama-kruddhaḥ vāli-putre nyapātayat

18. parama-kruddhaḥ rākṣasaḥ tam taila-dhautam vimalam
śaila-sāra-mayam dṛḍham (paraśvadham) vāli-putre nyapātayat

18. That demon (rākṣasa), exceedingly enraged, struck Vāli's son (Angada) with that axe, which was polished with oil, spotless, made of the essence of rock (śaila), and very strong.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (axe) (that, him, it)

• तैल-धौतम् (taila-dhautam) - polished with oil (washed with oil, polished with oil)

• विमलम् (vimalam) - spotless (spotless, pure, gleaming, clear)

• शैल-सार-मयम् (śaila-sāra-mayam) - made of the essence of rock (śaila) (made of the essence of rock, hard as rock)

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - very strong (firm, strong, solid, resolute)

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon (Mahāpārśva) (demon, rākṣasa)

• परम-क्रुद्धः (parama-kruddhaḥ) - exceedingly enraged (extremely angry, most furious)

• वालि-पुत्रे (vāli-putre) - upon Vāli's son (Angada) (on Vāli's son, in Vāli's son)

• न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - struck (caused to fall, struck, threw down)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (axe) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the axe from the previous verse.

तैल-धौतम् (taila-dhautam) - polished with oil (washed with oil, polished with oil)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of taila-dhauta

taila-dhauta - washed with oil, polished with oil

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (taila+dhauta)

• taila – oil, sesame oil
  noun (neuter)
• dhauta – washed, cleansed, purified
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhāv' (to wash) + kta (P.P.P. suffix)
  Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (the axe).

विमलम् (vimalam) - spotless (spotless, pure, gleaming, clear)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vimala

vimala - spotless, pure, clear, bright

From 'vi' (without) + 'mala' (dirt/stain)

Compound type : avyayībhāva / bahuvrīhi (often interpreted as no stain) (vi+mala)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
  Negative or separative prefix.
• mala – dirt, impurity, stain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (the axe).

शैल-सार-मयम् (śaila-sāra-mayam) - made of the essence of rock (śaila) (made of the essence of rock, hard as rock)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaila-sāra-maya

śaila-sāra-maya - made of the essence of rock, consisting of the hardest rock

Derived with suffix -maya (made of, consisting of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaila+sāra+maya)

• śaila – rock, mountain, stony
  noun (masculine)
  From 'śilā' (rock).
• sāra – essence, pith, strength, solid part
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• maya – made of, consisting of
  suffix (masculine)
  A secondary suffix forming adjectives of material.

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (the axe).

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - very strong (firm, strong, solid, resolute)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dṛḍha

dṛḍha - firm, strong, solid, unyielding

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dṛh' (to be firm, strengthen) + kta (P.P.P. suffix)

Root: dṛh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (the axe).

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - the demon (Mahāpārśva) (demon, rākṣasa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, rākṣasa

Note: Subject of 'nyapātayat'.

परम-क्रुद्धः (parama-kruddhaḥ) - exceedingly enraged (extremely angry, most furious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama-kruddha

parama-kruddha - extremely angry, very furious

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+kruddha)

• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• kruddha – angry, enraged, furious
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'krudh' (to be angry) + kta (P.P.P. suffix)
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'rākṣasaḥ'.

वालि-पुत्रे (vāli-putre) - upon Vāli's son (Angada) (on Vāli's son, in Vāli's son)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vāli-putra

vāli-putra - son of Vāli (Angada)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāli+putra)

• vāli – Vāli (name of a monkey king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative indicating the target of the strike.

न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - struck (caused to fall, struck, threw down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Causative Imperfect Active

From root 'pat' (to fall) + causative suffix '-aya' + a-augment + imperfect ending, 3rd person singular active.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'ni' indicates 'down' or 'upon'.