वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-54, verse-18

स मारुत इवाकाशं मारुतस्यात्मसंभवः ।
प्रपेदे हरिशार्दूलो दक्षिणादुत्तरां दिशम् ॥१८॥

18. sa māruta ivākāśaṃ mārutasyātmasaṃbhavaḥ ,
prapede hariśārdūlo dakṣiṇāduttarāṃ diśam.

18. saḥ mārutaḥ iva ākāśam mārutasya ātmasaṃbhavaḥ
prapede hariśārdūlaḥ dakṣiṇāt uttarām diśam

18. saḥ hariśārdūlaḥ,
mārutasya ātmasaṃbhavaḥ,
mārutaḥ iva ākāśam dakṣiṇāt uttarām diśam prapede

18. He, the tiger among monkeys (hariśārdūla), who was born from the wind (māruta), proceeded like the wind (māruta) through the sky, from the southern to the northern direction.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Hanumān) (he, that)

• मारुतः (mārutaḥ) - the wind (wind, wind god, relating to Maruts)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - through the sky (sky, ether, space)

• मारुतस्य (mārutasya) - of the wind (god) (of the wind, of the wind god)

• आत्मसंभवः (ātmasaṁbhavaḥ) - born from the wind (son of the wind) (self-born, born from oneself, son)

• प्रपेदे (prapede) - he proceeded, reached (he reached, attained, went to)

• हरिशार्दूलः (hariśārdūlaḥ) - the tiger among monkeys (Hanumān) (tiger among monkeys, best of monkeys)

• दक्षिणात् (dakṣiṇāt) - from the southern (direction) (from the south, from the right)

• उत्तराम् (uttarām) - northern (direction) (northern, higher, later)

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction (direction, quarter, region)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Hanumān) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject.

मारुतः (mārutaḥ) - the wind (wind, wind god, relating to Maruts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of māruta

māruta - wind, air, god of wind, son of Marut

Derived from 'marut' (wind, Maruts).

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

Note: Indicates comparison.

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - through the sky (sky, ether, space)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, atmosphere, ether, space

From root 'kāś' (to shine) with 'ā-'.

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Object of implied motion, indicating 'into' or 'through'.

मारुतस्य (mārutasya) - of the wind (god) (of the wind, of the wind god)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of māruta

māruta - wind, air, god of wind, son of Marut

Derived from 'marut' (wind, Maruts).

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Vāyu, Hanumān's father.

आत्मसंभवः (ātmasaṁbhavaḥ) - born from the wind (son of the wind) (self-born, born from oneself, son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmasaṃbhava

ātmasaṁbhava - self-born, born from oneself; son, offspring

Compound of 'ātman' (self) and 'saṃbhava' (born). Here used to mean 'born from' in relation to 'mārutasya'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+saṃbhava)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• saṃbhava – birth, origin, production; born, arisen
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, become) with upasarga sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Apposition to 'saḥ' and 'hariśārdūlaḥ'.

प्रपेदे (prapede) - he proceeded, reached (he reached, attained, went to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of pad

Perfect tense, middle voice (ātmanepada) of root 'pad' with upasarga 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

हरिशार्दूलः (hariśārdūlaḥ) - the tiger among monkeys (Hanumān) (tiger among monkeys, best of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hariśārdūla

hariśārdūla - tiger among monkeys, best of monkeys

Compound of 'hari' (monkey) and 'śārdūla' (tiger). 'śārdūla' is often used metaphorically to mean 'best of'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+śārdūla)

• hari – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger; best of, excellent among
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject, apposition to 'saḥ'.

दक्षिणात् (dakṣiṇāt) - from the southern (direction) (from the south, from the right)

(indeclinable)

Used as an adverbial ablative.

Note: Indicates the starting point.

उत्तराम् (uttarām) - northern (direction) (northern, higher, later)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, later, subsequent, an answer

Note: Modifies 'diśam'.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction (direction, quarter, region)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, region

From root 'diś' (to point, show).

Root: diś (class 6)