वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-54, verse-10

तुङ्गपद्मकजुष्टाभिर्नीलाभिर्वनराजिभिः ।
सालतालाश्वकर्णैश्च वंशैश्च बहुभिर्वृतम् ॥१०॥

10. tuṅgapadmakajuṣṭābhirnīlābhirvanarājibhiḥ ,
sālatālāśvakarṇaiśca vaṃśaiśca bahubhirvṛtam.

10. tuṅgapadmakajuṣṭābhiḥ nīlābhiḥ vanarājibhiḥ
sālatālāśvakarṇaiḥ ca vaṃśaiḥ ca bahubhiḥ vṛtam

10. tuṅgapadmakajuṣṭābhiḥ nīlābhiḥ vanarājibhiḥ
sālatālāśvakarṇaiḥ ca bahubhiḥ vaṃśaiḥ ca vṛtam

10. The mountain was covered by dark rows of trees, adorned with tall Padmaka trees, and with Sāla, Tāla, and Aśvakarṇa trees, as well as many bamboos.

Words meanings summery:

• तुङ्गपद्मकजुष्टाभिः (tuṅgapadmakajuṣṭābhiḥ) - adorned with tall Padmaka trees, frequented by high Padmaka trees

• नीलाभिः (nīlābhiḥ) - by dark/greenish (referring to rows of trees) (by blue, by dark (fem.))

• वनराजिभिः (vanarājibhiḥ) - by rows of forests, by lines of trees

• सालतालाश्वकर्णैः (sālatālāśvakarṇaiḥ) - by Sal, Tal, Ashvakarna trees

• च (ca) - and, also

• वंशैः (vaṁśaiḥ) - by bamboos, by reeds

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• वृतम् (vṛtam) - surrounded (the mountain) (surrounded, covered, filled)

Words meanings and morphology

तुङ्गपद्मकजुष्टाभिः (tuṅgapadmakajuṣṭābhiḥ) - adorned with tall Padmaka trees, frequented by high Padmaka trees

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of tuṅgapadmakajuṣṭa

tuṅgapadmakajuṣṭa - adorned with tall Padmaka trees

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tuṅga+padmaka+juṣṭa)

• tuṅga – high, tall, lofty
  adjective (masculine)
• padmaka – a kind of tree (Prunus cerasoides), a lotus-like mark
  noun (masculine)
• juṣṭa – joined, associated, frequented, adorned with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'juṣ' (जुषँ प्रीतिसेवनयोः).
  Root: juṣ (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'vanarājibhiḥ'.

नीलाभिः (nīlābhiḥ) - by dark/greenish (referring to rows of trees) (by blue, by dark (fem.))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of nīlā

nīla - dark blue, black, dark green, indigo

Feminine form 'nīlā'.

Note: Adjective modifying 'vanarājibhiḥ'.

वनराजिभिः (vanarājibhiḥ) - by rows of forests, by lines of trees

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vanarāji

vanarāji - row of trees, line of forests, arboreal expanse

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+rāji)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van (class 10)
• rāji – row, line, range
  noun (feminine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Acts as an agent for 'vṛtam'.

सालतालाश्वकर्णैः (sālatālāśvakarṇaiḥ) - by Sal, Tal, Ashvakarna trees

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sālatālāśvakarṇa

sālatālāśvakarṇa - Sal, Tal, Ashvakarna trees

Dvandva compound listing tree types.

Compound type : dvandva (sāla+tāla+aśvakarṇa)

• sāla – Sal tree (Shorea robusta)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śal (class 1)
• tāla – Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: tal (class 1)
• aśvakarṇa – Ashvakarna tree (Sal tree variety, or Vatica robusta)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrumental plural, indicating means of being covered/adorned.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वंशैः (vaṁśaiḥ) - by bamboos, by reeds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vaṃśa

vaṁśa - bamboo, cane, race, lineage, family

Note: Instrumental plural, indicating means.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Adjective modifying 'vaṃśaiḥ'.

वृतम् (vṛtam) - surrounded (the mountain) (surrounded, covered, filled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, covered, filled, chosen

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛ' (वृञ् वरणे) or 'vṛ' (वृतुँ वर्तने), with 'kta' suffix.

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies the mountain ('ariṣṭam').