वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-6, verse-7

अनुमानात्तु जानामि मैथिली सा न संशयः ।
ह्रियमाणा मया दृष्टा रक्षसा क्रूरकर्मणा ॥७॥

7. anumānāttu jānāmi maithilī sā na saṃśayaḥ ,
hriyamāṇā mayā dṛṣṭā rakṣasā krūrakarmaṇā.

7. anumānāt tu jānāmi maithilī sā na saṃśayaḥ
hriyamāṇā mayā dṛṣṭā rakṣasā krūrakarmaṇā

7. tu aham anumānāt jānāmi sā maithilī na saṃśayaḥ
hriyamāṇā krūrakarmaṇā rakṣasā mayā dṛṣṭā

7. Indeed, I know by inference (anumāna) that she is Maithilī; there is no doubt. I saw her being carried away by a demon (rakṣas) of cruel deeds.

Words meanings summery:

• अनुमानात् (anumānāt) - based on logical deduction (from observed signs) (from inference, by reasoning)

• तु (tu) - emphasizing the statement (but, indeed, however)

• जानामि (jānāmi) - I have concluded, I am certain (I know)

• मैथिली (maithilī) - referring to Sītā, daughter of the king of Mithilā (a woman from Mithilā, Sītā)

• सा (sā) - she (the woman just seen) (she, that (feminine))

• न (na) - expressing negation of doubt (not, no)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - any doubt or question (doubt, uncertainty, suspicion)

• ह्रियमाणा (hriyamāṇā) - being abducted (being carried away, being stolen)

• मया (mayā) - by the speaker (Hanuman) (by me)

• दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - was seen (by me) (seen, beheld, observed)

• रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - by a malevolent being, Rāvaṇa (by a demon, by a rākṣasa)

• क्रूरकर्मणा (krūrakarmaṇā) - by a demon whose actions are cruel (referring to Rāvaṇa) (by one of cruel deeds, by a cruel-doer)

Words meanings and morphology

अनुमानात् (anumānāt) - based on logical deduction (from observed signs) (from inference, by reasoning)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of anumāna

anumāna - inference, conclusion, reasoning (one of the pramāṇas or means of knowledge)

From anu-mā (to measure, to infer) + lyuṭ.

Prefix: anu

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Indicates the means by which knowledge is gained.

तु (tu) - emphasizing the statement (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

particle

जानामि (jānāmi) - I have concluded, I am certain (I know)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present tense, active voice (parasmaipada)

From √jñā (class 9). Present stem jānā-. Parasmaipada, 1st person singular.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Speaker's confident assertion.

मैथिली (maithilī) - referring to Sītā, daughter of the king of Mithilā (a woman from Mithilā, Sītā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - a woman of Mithilā, princess of Mithilā (epithet for Sītā)

From Mithilā + aṇ (patronymic suffix for a female).

Note: Predicate nominative for 'sā'.

सा (sā) - she (the woman just seen) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

न (na) - expressing negation of doubt (not, no)

(indeclinable)

particle of negation

Note: Negates 'saṃśayaḥ'.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - any doubt or question (doubt, uncertainty, suspicion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion, indecision

From sam-śī (to doubt, to hesitate) + a.

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

ह्रियमाणा (hriyamāṇā) - being abducted (being carried away, being stolen)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hriyamāṇa

√hṛ - to carry, to take away, to steal

Present Passive Participle

From √hṛ (class 1) + ya + śānac (passive participle suffix).

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Describes Sītā's state when seen.

मया (mayā) - by the speaker (Hanuman) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

Instrumental singular form of asmad.

दृष्टा (dṛṣṭā) - was seen (by me) (seen, beheld, observed)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From √dṛś (to see) + kta (past participle suffix).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second clause.

रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - by a malevolent being, Rāvaṇa (by a demon, by a rākṣasa)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, rākṣasa, evil being

From √rakṣ (to guard, to harm - ambivalent meaning) + as.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'hriyamāṇā'.

क्रूरकर्मणा (krūrakarmaṇā) - by a demon whose actions are cruel (referring to Rāvaṇa) (by one of cruel deeds, by a cruel-doer)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krūrakarman

krūrakarman - one of cruel deeds, cruel-acting

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'one whose actions (karman) are cruel (krūra)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (krūra+karman)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh, dreadful
  adjective
• karman – action, deed, work, ritual
  noun (neuter)
  From √kṛ (to do) + manin.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'rakṣasā'.