वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-6, verse-16

हृदि कृत्वा स बहुशस्तमलंकारमुत्तमम् ।
निशश्वास भृशं सर्पो बिलस्थ इव रोषितः ॥१६॥

16. hṛdi kṛtvā sa bahuśastamalaṃkāramuttamam ,
niśaśvāsa bhṛśaṃ sarpo bilastha iva roṣitaḥ.

16. hṛdi kṛtvā sa bahuśaḥ tam alaṅkāram uttamam
niśaśvāsa bhṛśam sarpaḥ bilasthaḥ iva roṣitaḥ

16. saḥ hṛdi bahuśaḥ tam uttamam alaṅkāram kṛtvā
bilasthaḥ roṣitaḥ sarpaḥ iva bhṛśam niśaśvāsa

16. Repeatedly reflecting upon that most excellent ornament in his heart, he sighed deeply, like an enraged snake within its hole.

Words meanings summery:

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having reflected upon, having dwelled on (having done, having made, having placed)

• स (sa) - he, that

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - many times, often, repeatedly

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• अलङ्कारम् (alaṅkāram) - ornament, decoration, embellishment

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - most excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

• निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - he sighed, he breathed out

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply (greatly, exceedingly, deeply)

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - snake, serpent

• बिलस्थः (bilasthaḥ) - located in a hole, residing in a burrow

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• रोषितः (roṣitaḥ) - enraged, angered

Words meanings and morphology

हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, soul, core

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having reflected upon, having dwelled on (having done, having made, having placed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed with the suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - many times, often, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

formed from bahu (many) with the suffix -śaḥ

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the ornament alaṅkāram.

अलङ्कारम् (alaṅkāram) - ornament, decoration, embellishment

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of alaṅkāra

alaṅkāra - ornament, decoration, embellishment

derived from alam (sufficient, fit) + kṛ (to make)

Prefix: alam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - most excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - excellent, best, highest, supreme

superlative degree of ud (up)

निशश्वास (niśaśvāsa) - he sighed, he breathed out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of śvas

perfect tense

formed with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: śvas (class 2)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - deeply (greatly, exceedingly, deeply)

(indeclinable)

used as an adverb

Note: Adverbial use.

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - snake, serpent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

derived from root sṛp (to creep)

Root: sṛp (class 1)

बिलस्थः (bilasthaḥ) - located in a hole, residing in a burrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bilastha

bilastha - residing in a hole/burrow

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (bila+stha)

• bila – hole, burrow, cavity
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated, located
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/root derivative
  derived from root 'sthā' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sarpaḥ

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

रोषितः (roṣitaḥ) - enraged, angered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of roṣita

roṣita - angered, enraged, provoked

past passive participle

derived from root ruṣ (to be angry)

Root: ruṣ (class 4)