वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-28, verse-4

कर्म लोकविरुद्धं तु कुर्वाणं क्षणदाचर ।
तीक्ष्णं सर्वजनो हन्ति सर्पं दुष्टमिवागतम् ॥४॥

4. karma lokaviruddhaṃ tu kurvāṇaṃ kṣaṇadācara ,
tīkṣṇaṃ sarvajano hanti sarpaṃ duṣṭamivāgatam.

4. karma lokaviruddham tu kurvāṇam kṣaṇadācara
tīkṣṇam sarvajanaḥ hanti sarpam duṣṭam iva āgatam

4. kṣaṇadācara,
tu lokaviruddham tīkṣṇam karma kurvāṇam sarvajanaḥ duṣṭam āgatam sarpam iva hanti

4. O night-wanderer, indeed, when a person performs an action (karma) that is contrary to social norms and is cruel, everyone kills them, just as one kills a venomous, wicked snake that has appeared.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्म (karma) - act, deed (karma) (deed, action, work (karma))

• लोकविरुद्धम् (lokaviruddham) - contrary to social norms (against the people, contrary to public opinion, socially unacceptable)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - performing (doing, performing, making (accusative))

• क्षणदाचर (kṣaṇadācara) - O night-wanderer (O night-wanderer, O demon, O Rākṣasa)

• तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - cruel (sharp, fierce, cruel, venomous)

• सर्वजनः (sarvajanaḥ) - everyone, all people (all people, everyone)

• हन्ति (hanti) - kills (kills, strikes, destroys)

• सर्पम् (sarpam) - a snake

• दुष्टम् (duṣṭam) - wicked, harmful (wicked, bad, corrupt, harmful, injured)

• इव (iva) - like, as (like, as, as if)

• आगतम् (āgatam) - that has appeared (arrived, come, appeared)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्म (karma) - act, deed (karma) (deed, action, work (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect of action

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'man' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

लोकविरुद्धम् (lokaviruddham) - contrary to social norms (against the people, contrary to public opinion, socially unacceptable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lokaviruddha

lokaviruddha - against the world/people, contrary to custom/opinion

Compound of 'loka' (people) and 'viruddha' (opposed, contrary).

Compound type : tatpurusha (loka+viruddha)

• loka – world, people, community
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'lok' (to see, perceive).
  Root: lok (class 1)
• viruddha – opposed, contrary, hostile, obstructed
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'rudh' (to obstruct, hinder) with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'karma'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

कुर्वाणम् (kurvāṇam) - performing (doing, performing, making (accusative))

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kurvāṇa

kurvāṇa - doing, performing, making

Present Middle Participle

From root 'kṛ' (to do) + 'śānac' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

क्षणदाचर (kṣaṇadācara) - O night-wanderer (O night-wanderer, O demon, O Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṣaṇadācara

kṣaṇadācara - night-wanderer, demon, Rākṣasa

Compound of 'kṣaṇadā' (night) and 'cara' (wanderer/moving).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣaṇadā+cara)

• kṣaṇadā – night
  noun (feminine)
  Literally 'giver of moments'.
  Root: dā (class 1)
• cara – wanderer, moving, going
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'car' (to move, wander).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Direct address.

तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - cruel (sharp, fierce, cruel, venomous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, fierce, cruel, venomous, pungent

From root 'tij' (to be sharp) or 'tiś' (to sharpen).

Root: tij / tiś (class 1)

सर्वजनः (sarvajanaḥ) - everyone, all people (all people, everyone)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvajana

sarvajana - all people, the whole world

Compound of 'sarva' (all) and 'jana' (person).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+jana)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• jana – person, man, creature, folk
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

हन्ति (hanti) - kills (kills, strikes, destroys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of han

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular, present tense.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The object is 'kurvāṇam' (the one performing).

सर्पम् (sarpam) - a snake

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

From root 'sṛp' (to creep).

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Object of 'hanti' in the simile.

दुष्टम् (duṣṭam) - wicked, harmful (wicked, bad, corrupt, harmful, injured)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duṣṭa

duṣṭa - corrupted, spoiled, wicked, bad, harmful, injured

Past Passive Participle

From root 'duṣ' (to be bad, to spoil) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: duṣ (class 4)

इव (iva) - like, as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

आगतम् (āgatam) - that has appeared (arrived, come, appeared)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā' (towards) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)