वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-28, verse-19

कुलं व्यपदिशन् वीरः समरे को ऽभिधास्यति ।
मृत्युकाले हि संप्राप्ते स्वयमप्रस्तवे स्तवम् ॥१९॥

19. kulaṃ vyapadiśan vīraḥ samare ko'bhidhāsyati ,
mṛtyukāle hi saṃprāpte svayamaprastave stavam.

19. kulam vyapadiśan vīraḥ samare kaḥ abhidhāsyati
mṛtyukāle hi samprāpte svayam aprastave stavam

19. mṛtyukāle samprāpte hi samare kaḥ vīraḥ kulam
vyapadiśan svayam aprastave stavam abhidhāsyati

19. What hero, when the moment of death has truly arrived in battle, would proclaim his lineage and then praise himself at such an unsuitable time?

Words meanings summery:

• कुलम् (kulam) - one's ancestral lineage or noble birth (family, lineage, race, clan, noble extraction)

• व्यपदिशन् (vyapadiśan) - stating or boasting about one's family lineage (proclaiming, mentioning, stating, referring to)

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - a valiant warrior (hero, brave man, warrior)

• समरे (samare) - during the conflict or fight (in battle, in war)

• कः (kaḥ) - what (hero) (who, what)

• अभिधास्यति (abhidhāsyati) - he will utter or state (praise) (he will say, he will speak, he will proclaim)

• मृत्युकाले (mṛtyukāle) - specifically at the moment one faces death in battle (at the time of death)

• हि (hi) - emphasizing that the time of death is definitely upon them (indeed, certainly, surely, because)

• सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - when the time (of death) has arrived (having arrived, having reached, having attained)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - praising himself, personally (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

• अप्रस्तवे (aprastave) - at an inappropriate or untimely moment for boasting (at an unsuitable time, inappropriately, out of place)

• स्तवम् (stavam) - self-praise (praise, eulogy, hymn)

Words meanings and morphology

कुलम् (kulam) - one's ancestral lineage or noble birth (family, lineage, race, clan, noble extraction)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, clan, home, noble family

Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Object of vyapadiśan.

व्यपदिशन् (vyapadiśan) - stating or boasting about one's family lineage (proclaiming, mentioning, stating, referring to)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyapadiś

vyapadiś - to proclaim, to designate, to mention, to refer to

Present Active Participle

Derived from root diś (to point out, to show) with prefixes vi and apa.

Prefixes: vi+apa

Root: diś (class 6)

वीरः (vīraḥ) - a valiant warrior (hero, brave man, warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty, man

Root: vīr (class 10)

Note: Subject of abhidhāsyati.

समरे (samare) - during the conflict or fight (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Derived from saṃ (together) and mara (death/fight).

Prefix: sam

Root: mṛ (class 1)

कः (kaḥ) - what (hero) (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

Interrogative pronoun.

अभिधास्यति (abhidhāsyati) - he will utter or state (praise) (he will say, he will speak, he will proclaim)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of abhidhā

Future Active

Root dhā (to place, to hold) with prefix abhi.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

मृत्युकाले (mṛtyukāle) - specifically at the moment one faces death in battle (at the time of death)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mṛtyukāla

mṛtyukāla - time of death, hour of death

Tatpurusha compound of mṛtyu (death) and kāla (time).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛtyu+kāla)

• mṛtyu – death, demise, passing away
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Refers to the specific time.

हि (hi) - emphasizing that the time of death is definitely upon them (indeed, certainly, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle of emphasis or cause.

सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - when the time (of death) has arrived (having arrived, having reached, having attained)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived, obtained, reached, encountered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain, to reach) with prefixes sam and pra.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Often functions adjectivally.

स्वयम् (svayam) - praising himself, personally (oneself, by oneself, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of sva (self).

अप्रस्तवे (aprastave) - at an inappropriate or untimely moment for boasting (at an unsuitable time, inappropriately, out of place)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aprastava

aprastava - unseasonable, unsuited, inappropriate occasion

Compound of 'a' (negation) and 'prastava' (occasion, opportunity).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+prastava)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• prastava – occasion, opportunity, context, introduction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root stu (to praise) with prefixes pra and stā (to spread).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: stu/stā (class 2)

Note: Adverbial locative.

स्तवम् (stavam) - self-praise (praise, eulogy, hymn)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of stava

stava - praise, hymn, eulogy, commendation

Derived from root stu (to praise).

Root: stu (class 2)

Note: Object of abhidhāsyati.